The Beginning of the Ionian Revolt

The Ionian revolt (c. 499-c.493) led to the Persian Wars, which includes the famous battle depicted in the movie 300, the Battle of Thermopylae, and the battle that lent its name to a long race, the Battle of Marathon. The Ionian Revolt itself did not occur in a vacuum but was preceded by other tensions, notably trouble in Naxos. Possible reasons for the revolt of the Ionian Greeks (based on Manville): Anti-tyrant feeling.Having to pay tribute to the Persian king.The kings failure to understand the Greeks need for freedom.As response to an economic crisis in Asia Minor.Aristagoras hope to get out of his difficulties with Artaphrenes that were caused by the ill-fated Naxos Expedition.Histiaios hope to get out of his benign captivity at Susa. Characters in the Naxos Expedition The principal names to know in connection with this Herodotus-based introduction to the Ionian Revolt are those involved in the Naxos Expedition: Histiaios (Histiaeus), son of Lysagoras and the tyrant of Miletus (c.515–493 B.C.).Aristagoras (c.505–496 B.C.), son of Molpagoras, ambitious son-in-law, and deputy of Histaios.Artaphernes, satrap of Lydia, in western Asia Minor.Darius (r. c.521-486 B.C.), the Great King of Persia and half-brother of Artaphernes.Megabates, a cousin of Darius and Persian naval commander. Aristagoras of Miletus and the Naxos Expedition Naxos — the prosperous Cyclades island where the legendary Theseus abandoned Ariadne — was not yet under Persian control. The Naxians had driven out certain rich men, who had fled to Miletus but wished to go home. They asked Aristagoras for help. Aristagoras was the deputy tyrant of Miletus, the son-in-law of the proper tyrant, Histiaios, who had been rewarded Myrkinos for loyalty at the Danube Bridge in the Persian Great King Darius fight against the Scythians. He was  then asked by the king to come to Sardis, where he was brought to Susa by Darius. Megabates Betrays Artaphernes Aristagoras agreed to aid the exiles, and asked the satrap of western Asia, Artaphernes, for help. Artaphernes — with permission from Darius — gave Aristagoras a fleet of 200 ships under the command of a Persian named Megabates. Aristagoras and the Naxian exiles set sail with Megabates et al. They pretended to head to the Hellespont. At Chios, they stopped and waited for a favorable wind. Meanwhile, Megabates toured his ships. Finding one neglected, he ordered the commander punished. Aristagoras not only released the commander but reminded Megabates that Megabates was only second-in-command. As a result of this insult, Megabates betrayed the operation by informing the Naxians in advance of their arrival. This gave them time to prepare, so they were able to survive the Milesian-Persian fleet arrival and four-month siege. In the end, the defeated Persian-Milesians left, with the exiled Naxians installed in forts built around Naxos. Herodotus says Aristagoras feared Persian reprisal as a consequence of the defeat. Histiaios sent a slave — Aristagoras — with a secret message about the revolt hidden as a brand on his scalp. The revolt was Aristagoras next step. Aristagoras persuaded those he joined in a council that they should revolt. One hold-out was the logographer Hecataeus who thought the Persians too powerful. When Hecataeus couldnt persuade the council, he objected to the army-based plan, urging, instead, a naval approach. The Ionian Revolt With Aristagoras as leader of their revolutionary movement after his failed expedition against Naxos, Ionian cities deposed their pro-Persian Greek puppet tyrants, replacing them with a democratic government, and prepared for further revolt against the Persians. Since they required military help Aristagoras went across the Aegean to mainland Greece to ask for help. Aristagoras unsuccessfully petitioned Sparta for its army, but Athens and Eretria provided more appropriate naval support for the Ionian islands — as the logographer/historian Hecataeus had urged. Together the Greeks from Ionia and the mainland pillaged and burned most of Sardis, the capital of Lydia, but Artaphrenes successfully defended the citys citadel. Retreating to Ephesus, the Greek forces were beaten by the Persians. Byzantium, Caria, Caunus, and most of Cyprus joined in the Ionian revolt. Although the Greek forces were occasionally successful, as at Caria, the Persians were winning. Aristagoras left Miletus in the hands of Pythagoras and went to Myrkinos where he was killed by Thracians. Persuading Darius to let him leave by telling the Persian king that he would pacify Ionia, Histiaios left Susa, went to Sardis, and tried unsuccessfully to re-enter Miletus. A major sea battle at Lade resulted in the victory of the Persians and the defeat of the Ionians. Miletus fell. Histiaios was captured and executed by Artaphrenes who may have been jealous of Histiaios close relationship with Darius. Sources Herodotus Book VHerodotus Book VIAristagoras and Histiaios: The Leadership Struggle in the Ionian Revolt, by P. B. Manville; The Classical Quarterly, (1977), pp. 80-91.The Attack on Naxos: A Forgotten Cause of the Ionian Revolt, by Arthur Keaveney; The Classical Quarterly, (1988), pp. 76-81.Jona Lendering: Beginning of the Ionian Revolt; affairs in Greece (5.28-55)

Cultural Conflict between Hmongs and American Culture

This entry book† spirit catches you and you fall down† is talking about the cultural conflict between the Hmongs culture and American culture. These differences are brought by the strong beliefs in the Hmongs culture, and the difficulties to accept a new culture. There is a lot of misunderstanding/conflicts between these two cultures in the book. Usually, when the doctors are trying to convince the Lees family about Lias treatments, the Lees are stuck in their ways and really hard to accept what the doctors have to say about their beloved daughter. They believe in their own ways, even if it is helpful or not. They refuse to accept the doctors ideas, and because the treatments that the doctors give are based on the scientific experiences, so the doctors believe that the Hmongs ideas are unreasonable or even stupid .However, when the culture conflicts face the love, these cultural differences become meaningless, which lead me to think that love is the only way that bring th ese cultures to connect. The Hmong cultural/religious belief in shamanistic animism claim that wicked spirits are continually searching human souls, mostly those of defenseless or unappreciated children. For Hmong culture, epilepsy is known as qaug dab peg which means, the spirit catches you and you fall down in English (Fadiman 1997), which epileptic invasions are seen as affirmation of the epileptics capability to enter and stay temporarily into the spirit world (unconsciousness). In HmongShow MoreRelatedThe Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down968 Words   |  4 PagesResponse to The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down â€Å"Medicine was religion. Religion was society. Society was medicine† (Fadiman, 1997). To the Hmong’s, this is a way of life. Everything in their culture is interrelated and represents a holistic view. As Americans, we try to incorporate the holistic approach into our health care system, but heavily rely on medications and science to treat illness. Arthur Kelinman developed the explanatory model of illness which incorporates a series of questionsRead MoreMedicine Was Religion : A Holistic Approach Into Our Health Care System992 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Medicine was religion. Religion was society. Society was medicine† (Fadiman, 1997). To the Hmong’s, this is a way of life. Everything in their culture is interrelated and represents a holistic view. As Americans, we try to incorporate the holistic approach into our health care system, but heavily rely on medications and science to treat illness. Arthur Kelinman developed the explanatory model of illness which incorporates a series of questions that is unique to a patient’s illness to developRead MoreDifferences in Health Care Illustrated in Anne Fadimans The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down1683 Words   |  7 Pagespoints out, the values and ideals of the Hmong culture and the United States health care system are not always the same and sometimes come into great conflict with each other. Lia Lee was unfortunately the person stuck in the middle of this great conflict. The two Hmong cultural values that were demonstrated by the Lee family are portrayed by their belief and view about the cause and method of cure for an illness. The Lee family comes from a culture that believes in holistic healing. They have anRead MoreCross-Cultural Misunderstanding in Anne Fadimans In the Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down1483 Words   |  6 Pagessubject of cross cultural misunderstanding. This she effectively portrays using Lia, a Hmong, her medical history, the misunderstandings created by obstacles of communication, the religious background, the battle with modernized medical science and cultural anachronisms. Handling an epileptic child, in a strange land in a manner very unlike the shamanistic animism they were accustomed to, generated many problems for her parents. The author dwells on the radically different cultures to highlight theRead MoreTraditionally, A Common Hmong’S Custom Is That A Soul Can1180 Words   |  5 PagesTraditionally, a commo n Hmong’s custom is that a soul can separate from its body and a shaman possesses power to control spiritual forces. Therefore, a shaman is capable of healing illnesses at the spiritual level. The Hmong have a belief that ancestral spirits, including the spirits of shamans are reincarnated into the same family tree. The Hmong’s believe in their Shaman more than western doctors. They prefer to perform their treatment by hosting their rituals to save and cure their sicknessesRead MoreSpirit Catches You and You Fall Down2969 Words   |  12 Pagesat an early age). Foua is the mother and wife. In the first chapter Nao gives birth to Lia Lee in an American hospital, their first child to be born in a hospital. Lia was born July 19, 1982. The baby appeared to be healthy and was released from the hospital 3 days later. The main focus of this chapter is comparing the birth of the children in Laos (where Nao and Foua were from) to the American birthing traditions Chapter 2 - Fish Soup This chapter explains different people’s perspectives of theRead MoreIdeas And Methods Of Illness And Healing1268 Words   |  6 Pagesmethods of illness and healing, respectively, vary within divergent socio-cultural systems. Therefore, the clash due to migration of populations often generates conflict, jeopardizing the patient at hand. The Hmong are an ethnic group originally from Southeast China, who have since migrated in large scale to the United States in search of greater quality of life. Due to their society’s close relationship to religion, Shamanism, American health practitioners have encountered difficulties when treating HmongRead MoreThe Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down1434 Words   |  6 PagesThe Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down is a piece of journalism that demonstrates the clash between western medical practices and that of the Hmong culture. Both the physicians and Lia’s family are trying to do their best to improve Lia’s medica l condition but the two cultures’ idea of treating her epilepsy contradict each others. Additionally, western medical culture and Hmong culture have different definitions for Lia’s illness. The western definition of her illness is epilepsy meaning a disruptionRead MoreThe Spirit Catches You and You Call Down Essay4621 Words   |  19 Pages09/09/2013 Assignment 1 1. What do you think of traditional Hmong birth practices (pp. 3-5)? Compare them to the techniques used when Lia was born (p. 7). How do Hmong and American birth practices differ? I find the traditional birth practices peculiar and very unsafe. The conceiving of a child should be done in a sterile environment by professionals, so that the risks of negative effects like infections, wounds, etc. is minimized. Nevertheless I think the tradition, that the placenta is buriedRead MoreThe Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down1907 Words   |  8 Pagesrelationships with cultural beliefs. She challenges readers to consider what is known about western medicinal practices and beliefs, based on science, and recognize its effectiveness when paired with cultural understanding. This novel portrays some of the greatest medicinal and health challenges and cultural failures of western societies. There were several cultural competency themes integrated throughout the book, however, it surprised me at how distant western practices and the Hmong’s healing methods

A Jury of Her Peers by Susan Glaspell Free Essays

This short story entitled â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† by Susan Glaspell is about a farmer’s murder in Dickinson County.   This farmer named John Wright was murdered during his sleep.   The suspect of the said crime was his wife, Minnie Wright, for the crime happened in their residence, in John’s own bed. We will write a custom essay sample on A Jury of Her Peers by Susan Glaspell or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Mr. Wright was strangled by a rope during his sleep which caused his death.   The story revolved around the investigation conducted after the crime.   Five people went to the Wright’s residence – Mr. Henderson, who was the county attorney; Mr. Peters who was the sheriff together with his wife; and, Mr. Hale, who was a neighbor of the Wrights.   Mrs. Martha Hale was also there since Mrs. Peters wanted to have female company with her as they went to the scene of the crime. When they got to the Wrights’ house, the sheriff and the county attorney asked Mr. Hale to tell about what happened when he went to the house to see John Wright.   Mr. Hale said that Mrs. Wright was just in seated on a chair and as he asked to see John, Minnie said he cannot for John is dead.   He asked where he was and Minnie simply pointed upstairs.   Further, he asked how he died and she said that a rope wrung his neck.   So Mr. Hale went upstairs together with his eldest son, Harry. Mr. Hale thought of removing the rope thinking that John might still be alive, but his son stopped him, saying that it was evidence that should be preserved.   Harry ascertained that Mr. Wright was indeed dead. During the investigation, they failed to scrutinize for clues in the kitchen and focused on the crime scene itself.   As the three men investigated upstairs, the two women were left in the kitchen, where they did investigations by themselves.   Ironically, the two women discovered things which served as pieces of the puzzle.   Mrs. Hale knew that there were unfinished tasks in the kitchen, which the men did not notice. She knew this, as she herself had unfinished works in the kitchen as his husband demanded that she join him to the Wrights’ house. Another clue was a bird cage with hinges that were broken, in what they thought, a rough manner. Then, there was a quilt, with stitching that they scrutinized and noticed that was almost perfect and neatly done.   At the edge of the quilt, however, the stitches became uneven, as if Minnie was unstable as she did it.   As the women continued to look at Minnie’s sewing materials for the quilt, Mrs. Hale, saw a beautiful box.   When she opened it, she saw something wrapped in silk.   To her surprise it was the dead canary bird.   Its neck was wrung.  Ã‚   It was killed in almost the same way as Mr. Wright was murdered. These pieces of evidence were kept among themselves.   Though the men found out about the broken cage, the women said that perhaps a cat killed the bird, and the men took the idea. Aside from this, Mrs. Hale has repaired that imperfect stitching from the quilt which Mrs. Wright was making.   The women, who seem to relate to the sentiments and position of Minnie, silently agreed to keep the motive for the killing of John Wright.   As Enotes puts it: â€Å"In silent collusion, Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters cover up the clues that reveal Minnie’s motive, quietly acquitting Minnie from wrongdoing without their husbands’ knowledge† (par. 2) This story, as indicated in the Introduction of as study guide in Enotes, was â€Å"based on an actual court case [that Susan Glaspell] covered as a reporter for the Des Moines Daily† (par. 1).   The crime happened in Indianola, Iowa on December 2, 1900 where a farmer named John Hossack was murdered in bed.   His head was hit hard by an axe and the suspect was none other than his wife, Margaret.   She was released as there was insufficient evidence for her to be convicted. Apparently, during the period when Susan Glaspell wrote this short story, women were good as voiceless.   No woman was a member of jury.   Glaspell, through her writing, has depicted how the women can be ironically stronger and smarter than the men.   It was the women who have found the evidence and in their own way became the jurors for this crime.   In addition, women were regarded by men as inferior.   As stated, women were left in the kitchen and it was the men who did the investigation.   Also, there were a number of instances in the story where the men laughed at the women’s ways and conversations.   The women were timid and they do not speak when they were with the men. Moreover, one can deduce the fact that Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters can empathize with Mrs. Wright.   They knew that there has been maltreatment from Mr. Wright and that he â€Å"killed† the source of little joys for her wife.   It was mentioned that before they married, Minnie sang on choirs and stopped singing after marrying Mr. Wright.   Moreover, Mrs. Hale supposed that canary birds are singing birds and are good companions against loneliness.   From this, Mrs.   Hale concludes (as implied in the story) that Mr. Wright must have killed the canary bird. The story was written in a cohesive manner and can be easily grasped.   On initial glance it appears to be a simple detective story.     However, as any other literature, one ought to understand it within its historical context.   Reading and understanding the conversations between the women seem to represent the powerlessness and overall disadvantaged status of women in society.   During the 1900s, women did not enjoy the same freedom as women do nowadays. â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† effectively showed how unjust the women were treated in a male-dominated society. Enotes say that critics see the story as â€Å"more of a commentary about female oppression, justice, the confining nature of rigid stereotypes, and the differences in perspective between men and women† (par. 3).   Ã‚  Basing from this fact, one can appreciate how powerful such piece of writing was, up to this date.   Furthermore, Enotes adds that â€Å"critics have hailed ‘A Jury of Her Peers’ as a feminist classic, noting the story’s significance-laden details and its insight into motivations of men and women† (par. 4).   This work of Glaspell is a good material for the study of feminism. Works Cited â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers, Susan Glaspell: Introduction.† Short Story Criticism. Ed. Jenny Cromie Editor. Vol. 41. Gale Group, Inc., 2001. eNotes.com. 2006. 4 May 2008 ;http://www.enotes.com/short-story-criticism/ jury-her-peers-susan-glaspell; . â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers: Introduction.† Short Stories for Students. Ed. Marie Rose Napierkowski. Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale, 1998. eNotes.com. January 2006. 4 May 2008. Glaspell, Susan. â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers.† Learner.com. 2008. 4 May 2008 ;www.learner.org/interactives/literature/story/fulltext.html;. ; ; ; ; ; ; How to cite A Jury of Her Peers by Susan Glaspell, Essay examples

Buddha Essay Example For Students

Buddha Essay BuddhaThe word Buddha means enlightened one. It is used today as a title tothe one who has given us more religious beliefs than almost any other human wholived in this world. However, he was not given this name at birth; he had toearn it for himself by undergoing long, hard hours of meditation andcontemplation. Buddha has changed the lifestyles of many cultures with new,never-before asked questions that were explained by his search for salvation. He began an entirely new religion that dared to test the boundaries of realityand go beyond common knowledge to find the answers of the mysteries of life. IndiaDuring the sixth century BC, India was a land of political and religiousturmoil. It was an era of great brutality with the domination of NorthwestIndia by Indo-Aryan invaders. Many people, influenced by the Aryan civilization,began to question the value of life and its true meaning. Schools were openedbecause of this curiosity where teachers would discuss the significance ofexistence and the nature of man and held programs to reconstruct ones spiritualself. (Pardue, page 228)BackgroundNear the town of Kapilavastivu, today known as Nepal, lived KingSuddhodhana and Queen Maya of the indigenous tribe known as the Shakyas. (Encyclopedia Americana, page 687) Queen Maya soon became pregnant and had adream shortly before she gave birth. In this dream a beautiful, white elephantwith six tusks entered her room and touched her side. This dream was sooninterpreted by the wisest Brahmin, or Priest of Brahmanism, that she was to givebirth to a son that would, if he were to remain in the castle, become the wisestking in the world, but if he were ever to leave the castle he would then becomethe wisest prophet far into future generations. (Encyclopedia Americana, page410)In around the year 563 BC, Siddhartha Gautama was born into a life ofpure luxury. (Wangu, page 16) His father wanted to make sure that his son waswell taken care of as he grew to prevent him from desiring to leave the palace. Suddhodhana, listening to the prophecy, kept Siddhartha away from the pain ofreality so that he could follow in his fathers footsteps in becoming a wellrespected leader. As Siddhartha grew, he became very curious about the world outside ofthe palace walls. He felt a great need to undergo new experiences and learn thetruth of reality. Siddhartha was married to a woman named Yasodhara who gavebirth to a boy, Rahul. Even after his marriage, Siddhartha was still notcompletely satisfied with his life; he decided that it was necessary for him tosee the lives of those outside the castle. The Four MeetingsOne day, Siddhartha called for his charioteer to take him to the park. When the King heard of this, he ordered the streets to be cleared of everythingexcept beauty. As the Prince rode by, the people cheered and threw flowers athim, praising his name and Siddhartha was still clueless to the suffering oflife until a god, disguised as a poor, old man stumbled before the chariot. Siddhartha was curious to this mans condition and he asked the charioteer abouthis appearance. The charioteer replied that all men must endure old age andthat even the prince could not escape this fate. Siddhartha then returned tothe palace to contemplate about old age which caused him to want to see more. The next day, Siddhartha decided to venture on to the streets againwhich were, by the Kings request, once more cleared of all evil and ugliness. .u1238942aaa5e1a1c8d5c8ce5fbcd4ed5 , .u1238942aaa5e1a1c8d5c8ce5fbcd4ed5 .postImageUrl , .u1238942aaa5e1a1c8d5c8ce5fbcd4ed5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1238942aaa5e1a1c8d5c8ce5fbcd4ed5 , .u1238942aaa5e1a1c8d5c8ce5fbcd4ed5:hover , .u1238942aaa5e1a1c8d5c8ce5fbcd4ed5:visited , .u1238942aaa5e1a1c8d5c8ce5fbcd4ed5:active { border:0!important; } .u1238942aaa5e1a1c8d5c8ce5fbcd4ed5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1238942aaa5e1a1c8d5c8ce5fbcd4ed5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1238942aaa5e1a1c8d5c8ce5fbcd4ed5:active , .u1238942aaa5e1a1c8d5c8ce5fbcd4ed5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1238942aaa5e1a1c8d5c8ce5fbcd4ed5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1238942aaa5e1a1c8d5c8ce5fbcd4ed5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1238942aaa5e1a1c8d5c8ce5fbcd4ed5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1238942aaa5e1a1c8d5c8ce5fbcd4ed5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1238942aaa5e1a1c8d5c8ce5fbcd4ed5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1238942aaa5e1a1c8d5c8ce5fbcd4ed5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1238942aaa5e1a1c8d5c8ce5fbcd4ed5 .u1238942aaa5e1a1c8d5c8ce5fbcd4ed5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1238942aaa5e1a1c8d5c8ce5fbcd4ed5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sexual harrasment EssayThis time, Siddhartha encountered a sick man and again, returned to the palaceto reflect on sickness. On his third trip to the park, Siddhartha approached afuneral in a garden and was educated by the charioteer about how every man mustexperience death. Finally, on the fourth day, the young prince saw a shaven-headed man wearing a yellow robe. He was amazed and impressed by how peacefulthe man seemed; he carried with him only a begging bowl and had left all otherpossessions to try to find spiritual deliverance. At that moment, Siddharthaknew his destiny was to discover how this man has avoided these acts ofsuffering. (The New Encyclopedia Britannica, page 270)Later that night, Siddhartha kissed his wife and son, and left with hischarioteer away from the palace of riches and pleasure. He left behind his lifeof pure desire to understand the true meaning of life.

The SARS How Can the Pandemic Be Prevented

Tit-for-Tat

Tit-for-Tat Tit-for-Tat Tit-for-Tat By Maeve Maddox An ESL reader has a question about the expression â€Å"tit for tat†: If Tit is something we all commonly understand then is Tat the male counterpart of Tit? What does Tit and Tat mean in this idiom? The impulse to attach a gendered meaning to the words in this idiom illustrates how folk etymologies are invented. In fact, â€Å"tit for tat† is an altered spelling of the expression â€Å"tip for tap.† In the context of the original idiom, both tip and tap refer to a slight blow. Tip retains this meaning in the context of baseball. A pitch at which the batter swings and makes slight contact is called a tip. A â€Å"foul tip†- a tipped ball caught by the catcher- counts as a strike. Tap, in the context of lightly striking something, is in general use as both noun and verb: Stopped at the traffic lights, he heard a tap on the window. (noun) If a person has had multiple untreated concussions, could a simple tap to the head be harmful? (noun) She paused, leaned over, and tapped him on the chin. (verb) Woman in Court Fakes Hurt After Being Tapped on Head (verb) â€Å"To give one tip for tap† was â€Å"to return blow for blow.† The figurative meaning was â€Å"to retaliate.† When the pronunciation and spelling changed, the original meaning remained attached to the altered form. Here are examples of recent usage of â€Å"tit for tat†: For the rest of the game, each  team  matched the other  tit for tat. Three men  have  been arrested after a series of violent  tit-for-tat  attacks  Ã‚   [G]iven the way Netanyahu has treated Rivlin, one cannot help wondering if there will be tit for tat following the March elections.   In the world of education, and most likely everywhere else, there is the pervasive presence of tit-for-tat. If I walked a mile to school in the snow, so can you. If I had to work hours and shed blood, sweat and tears, so can you. â€Å"To give tit for tat† is not always used with the meaning â€Å"to return an injury with an injury.† Some speakers use it to convey the idea of cooperation or reciprocation: Gifts should not be  tit for tat, period.   When we hear the following expressions, we know the Law of Reciprocity is at work: â€Å"Quid pro quo†; â€Å"Scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours†; â€Å"Tit-for-tat†; and â€Å"Give and take.† In Cockney rhyming slang, â€Å"tit for tat† translates as â€Å"hat.† Note: Rhyming slang uses a phrase to stand for a word that rhymes with the last word in the phrase. The phrases are then shortened to the beginning word or words. For example, the sentence â€Å"Me trouble bought ‘erself a new tit-fa† translates as â€Å"My wife bought herself a new hat.† (â€Å"trouble and strife†=wife). Here are some more words and expressions that convey the sense of â€Å"to give tit for tat†: fight back hit back respond react reciprocate counterattack return like for like get back at someone get even get one’s own back pay someone back give someone a taste of their own medicine take revenge be revenged avenge oneself Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Based in" and "based out of"Anyone vs. EveryoneThe 7 Types of Possessive Case

Filmmaking Techniques Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Filmmaking Techniques - Coursework Example The parameters for my discussion of realism in cinema come from theorists like Bazin, Bordwell, and Comolli. As the filmmaker stages an event to be filmed, s/he has to establish first what to put in front of the camera and visualize the conflicts of the story as embodied in the script. The approach and style have to be decided first before starting on the setting, space, acting and choreography. The filmmaker can employ a pool of creative people, aside from the writers and actors and all the crew needed. S/he has to decide on the appearance, gestures, facial expression, what to use whether professional or non-actors. Art and filmmaking, nevertheless, can be performed or made by a team or by one person. The dilemma of the filmmaker or artist is whether his/her message is understood correctly the way s/he wants it to be understood. Some artists do it profoundly, some vaguely, to let the viewer think, or get an instant reaction. These techniques in art and filmmaking, whether digital or in films, are introduced in different ways. A few of these are discussed in this paper. Art, according to Aristotle, is the realisation in external form of a true idea, and is traced back to the natural love of imitation which characterizes humans, and to the pleasure which we feel in recognising likenesses1. There may be contradictions today of his notion on art by various artists because according to him art is limited to mere copying. It idealises nature and completes its deficiencies: it seeks to grasp the universal type in the individual phenomenon2. Such imitation may represent people either as better or as worse than people usually are, or it may neither go beyond nor fall below the average standard. Comedy is the imitation of the worse examples of humanity, understood however not in the sense of absolute badness, but only in so far as what is low and ignoble enters into what is laughable and comic3. When teaching at the Lyceum, Aristotle had a habit of walking about as he discoursed. It was in connection with this that his followers became known in later years as the peripatetics, meaning "to walk about". What has this to do with art and filmmaking Lecturers and speakers in those times used strategies in conveying their message or in relating to their audience. Aristotle and the peripatetics presented their theories, and the Rhetoric, by giving lectures and telling stories in front of a live audience, as if showing a movie without the aid of any technology. "Walking about" in front of a live audience with your mouth uttering words your mind dictates is a form of story-telling, like a film presentation, although what you are doing is live, and the film is recorded. What the peripatetics were doing was art itself. New Digital Cinema: Reinventing the moving image Evolution of contemporary cinema as it intersects with the formerly separate realms of film-making, video art, music video, animation, print design, and live club events to

Any topic that insights and analysis about Alice's Adventures in Essay

Any topic that insights and analysis about Alice's Adventures in Wonderland - Essay Example The role of women was to decorate the home and raise the children. They were not expected to be clever and did not have any rights of their own that would allow them to make any of their own decisions. They were expected to be quiet and demure and to always listen to their elders and the male members of society. The most important things they had to learn was how to control themselves, how to play music and how to sew. When it was published, many young girls saw themselves as Alice figures, identifying themselves with something they saw in Alice’s behavior. In some ways Alice resembles the ideal female character of the period, but there are also several ways in which she breaks the mold, such as in her willingness to assert herself and her ability to think. Alice is introduced initially as a young lady in training. She is learning to be a proper young lady as she sits along the bank of a stream with her sister, who is spending the afternoon quietly reading. However, she quickly emerges as being incapable of keeping up the proper passive attitude or of adopting her own book to read. â€Å"Once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, ‘and what is the use of a book,’ thought Alice ‘without pictures or conversation?’ (Carroll, 1). Her appearance, as reflected in the pictures within the book, also reinforces the concept of the stereotypical young Victorian child. She wears a dress with numerous petticoats and a bright white apron that never seems to get soiled. She also has puffed sleeves, white stockings and patent leather shoes. Her hair is fashionably curled into ringlets and she appears to be everything every little girl would want to be. The White Rabbit reflects these same assumptions when he sees a girl and automatically assumes she is his maid. â€Å"Very soon the

According to the requirement in the file and do opinion 1 to write a 5 Essay

According to the requirement in the file and do opinion 1 to write a 5 pages paper - Essay Example Matthew Dickman, born much later than Blake, also felt that lack of joy in modern life and called the readers to â€Å"scrape for it†. So what does it mean to â€Å"scrape for joy† for a modern poet and a reader? The poem â€Å"Slow Dance† is aimed to give indirect answer to this question as the reader has to make conclusions himself. Dickman instantly attracts reader`s attention with the title of the poem as slow dance can evoke associations in everyone who did it at least once. Slow dance is a deeply intimate and sophisticated action and a state of mind when two people get close to each other moving in a rhythm of the music. Slow dance can become a beginning of a love affair or a ritual step into marriage life. Slow dance is usually an expression of real bond between people who mean making their connection even stronger dancing a slow dance. Dickman emphasizes the fact that we desperately need this slow dance more than anything else in the world; however he implies deeper sense under this concept. The author finds accurate comparisons for this issue: Therefore, slow dance epitomizes something much bigger than a dance, an action, and a ritual. Slow dance serves as a metaphor of elusive moments of happiness in life, which are only noticed when they are over or recognized by tiny details and hues of feelings: Such slow dances remind me of a swimming or falling asleep, which are often mechanic to such an extent that you lose the sense of reality. These magic moments of leaping from conscious to unconscious with the help of natural motions and states can be achieved by anyone anytime. Dickman as one of the most sensitive poets tries to attract readers` attention to that fact, explaining that there is no need to be a poet to â€Å"ride a dragon†. And slow dance is even more efficient for such leaps as it involves music: Dickman shows that the presence of a close person is one of the most mystical moments in daily life which we rarely pay attention to.

The System Behind The Scientific Calculator Computer Science Essay

The System Behind The Scientific Calculator Computer Science Essay The first scientific calculator that included all of the basic features above was the programmable  Hewlett-Packard  HP-9100A,[1]  released in 1968, though the  Wang  LOCI-2 and the Mathatronics Mathatron had some features later identified with scientific calculator designs. The HP-9100 series was built entirely from discrete  transistor  logic with no  integrated circuits, and was one of the first uses of the  CORDIC  algorithm for trigonometric computation in a personal computing device, as well as the first calculator based on  reverse Polish notation  entry. HP became closely identified with RPN calculators from then on, and even today some of their high-end calculators (particularly the long-lived  HP-12Cfinancial calculator and the  HP-48  series of graphing calculators) still offer RPN as their default input mode due to having garnered a very large following. The  HP-35, introduced on February 1, 1972, was  Hewlett-Packards first  pocket calculator  and the worlds first handheld scientific calculator.[2]  Like some of HPs desktop calculators it used  reverse Polish notation. Introduced at US$395, the HP-35 was available from 1972 to 1975. HP continues to develop and market high-end scientific calculators, like the  HP-35s  and  HP-49 series, which have been favored by scientists and engineers, in labs, offices, as well as in the field. Texas Instruments, after the introduction of several units with scientific notation, came out with a handheld scientific calculator on January 15, 1974 in the form of the SR-50.[3]  TI continues to be a major player in the calculator market, with their long-running  TI-30  series being one of the most widely used scientific calculators in classrooms. Casio  and  Sharp  have also been major players, with Casios FX series (beginning with the Casio FX-1 in 1972[4]) being a very common brand, used particularly in schools. Casio is also the #3[citation needed]  player in the  graphing calculator  market, and was the first company to produce one (Casio fx-7000G). INTRODUCTION Scientific Calculator Top of Form Bottom of Form The calculator was written by Rolf Howarth in early 1996. A fully featured scientific calculator with proper operator precedence is implemented, including trig functions and logarithms, factorials, 12 levels of parentheses, logs to base 2 (a handy function for information entropists!), bitwise logical operators, hex, octal, binary and ASCII display. The calculator is written in JavaScript and you are welcome to view the JavaScript source (visible within the HTML page) for personal educational purposes as long as you recognize that it is copyrighted and not in the public domain. This calculator is now available as part of Hummingbirds Enterprise Information Portal. All enquiries regarding licensing the calculator should be directed to Hummingbird Ltd. Basic Functions Addition The addition (sum function) is used by clicking on the + button or using the keyboard. The function results in a+b. Subtraction The subtraction (minus function) is used by clicking on the - button or using the keyboard. The function results in a-b. Multiplication The multiplication (times function) is used by clicking on the x button or using the keyboard * key. The function results in a*b. Division The division (divide function) is used by clicking on the / button or using the keyboard / key. The function results in a/b. Sign The sign key (negative key) is used by clicking on the (-) button. The function results in -1*x. Square The square function is used by clicking on the x^2 button or type ^2. The function results in x*x. Square Root The square root function is used by clicking on the x button or type sqrt(). This function represents x^.5 where the result squared is equal to x. Raise to the Power The raise to the power (y raised to the x function) is used by clicking on the y^x button or type ^. Natural Exponential The natural exponential (e raised to the x) is used by clicking on the e^x button or type exp(). The result is e (2.71828) raised to x. Logarithm The logarithm (LOG) is used by clicking on the LOG button or type LOG(). Natural Logarithm The Natural logarithm (LN) is used by clicking on the LN button or type LN(). Inverse Multiplicative inverse (reciprocal function) is used by pressing the 1/x button or typing inv(). This function is the same as x^-1 or dividing 1 by the number. Exponent Numbers with exponents of 10 are displayed with an e, for example 4.5e+100 or 4.5e-100. This function represents 10^x. Numbers are automatically displayed in the format when the number is too large or too small for the display. To enter a number in this format use the exponent key EEX. To do this enter the mantissa (the non exponent part) then press EEX or typee and then enter the exponent. Factorial The Factorial function is used by clicking the ! button or type !. PI PI is a mathematical constant of the ratio of a circles circumference to its diameter. PROPOSED SYSTEM The following documentation is a project the Name of the term paper allotted. It is a detailed summary of all the drawbacks of the old system and how the new proposed system overcomes these shortcomings. The new system takes into account the various factors while designing a new system. It keeps into the account the Economical bandwidth available for the new system. The foremost thing that is taken care of is the Need and Requirements of the User. DESCRIPTION Before developing software we keep following things in mind that we can develop powerful and quality software PROBLEM STATEMENT Problem statement was to design a module: Which is user friendly Which will restrict the user from accessing other users data. Which will help user in viewing his data and privileges. Which will help the administrator to handle all the changes. FUNCTIONS TO BE PROVIDED: The system will be user friendly and completely menu driven so that the users shall have no problem in using all options. The system will be efficient and fast in response. The system will be customized according to needs. (View Add Delete Modify) SYSTEM REQUIRMENTS Operating system: MS Windows XP or Windows Vista Language: C Language Processor: Pentium IV Processor RAM: 512 MB Hard disk: 5 GB SYSTEM DESIGN Then we began with the design phase of the system. System design is a solution, a HOW TO approach to the creation of a new system. It translates system requirements into ways by which they can be made operational. It is a translational from a user oriented document to a document oriented programmers. For that, it provides the understanding and procedural details necessary for the implementation. Here we use Flowchart to supplement the working of the new system. The system thus made should be reliable, durable and above all should have least possible maintenance costs. It should overcome all the drawbacks of the Old existing system and most important of all meet the user requirements. Welcome to main menu of Scientific Calculator Enter Your Choice? On calculator Do your any task Do you want to continue? START Trignometery(sin,cos) Inverse(1/x) STOP Switch off calculator Yes No APPLICATIONS In most countries, students use calculators for schoolwork. There was some initial resistance to the idea out of fear that basic arithmetic skills would suffer. There remains disagreement about the importance of the ability to perform calculations in the head, with some curricula restricting calculator use until a certain level of proficiency has been obtained, while others concentrate more on teaching estimation techniques and problem-solving. Research suggests that inadequate guidance in the use of calculating tools can restrict the kind of mathematical thinking that students engage in. Others have argued that calculator use can even cause core mathematical skills to atrophy, or that such use can prevent understanding of advanced algebraic concepts. There are other concerns for example, that a pupil could use the calculator in the wrong fashion but believe the answer because that was the result given. Teachers try to combat this by encouraging the student to make an estimate of the result manually and ensuring it roughly agrees with the calculated result. Also, it is possible for a child to type in à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢1  ÃƒÆ'-  Ãƒ ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢1 and obtain the correct answer 1 without realizing the principle involved. In this sense, the calculator becomes a crutch rather than a learning tool, and it can slow down students in exam conditions as they check even the most trivial result on a calculator. FUTURE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT Our project will be able to implement in future after making some changes and modifications as we make our project at a very low level. So the modifications that can be done in our project are: To make it screen touch so no need to touch key buttons and one more change which can we made is to add snaps of the person who use it. TESTING Testing is the major control measure used during software development. Its basic function is to detect errors in the software. During requirement analysis and design, the output is a document that is usually textual and no executable. After the coding phase, computer programs are available that can be executed for testing purpose. This implies that testing not only, has to uncover errors introduced during coding, but also errors introduced during previous phase. Thus the goal of testing is to uncover the requirements, design and coding errors in the programs. The Sourcecode declared above for the program of Scientific Calculator has been tested and it has been found that the above source code is okay and correct.The program involves many type of conversions. These conversions has to done carefully

what i do when i write Essay -- Expository Process Essays

what i do when i write       What I do when I write depends entirely on what I'm writing, who I'm writing for, and how soon it needs to be done. I have somewhat of a different approach to writing when the piece is for an assignment versus a work of original fiction. I prepare, pre-write, and proofread differently. However, some things remain the same. I still try to get the same amount of feedback from my peers, still put forth the same effort. Whether the work is for pleasure or for a grade, I still follow relatively the same process. Oftentimes, I write outside of school. Frequently, those writings are in the form of poetry, fiction, or an online journal. My poems are expressions of emotions or personal thoughts that I usually have no other outlet for. I write both original fiction and fan fiction, a genre in which stories are written using existing characters from television, movies, or books.    My journal is a means of communication with family and friends that I don't see very often. Here, I often recount funny stories from the day, conve...