Quotes From the Movie Wedding Crashers

Statements From the Movie 'Wedding Crashers' The slogan for the film Wedding Crashers is Lifes a gathering. Crash it. The film manages the endeavors of two men, John Beckwith and Jeremy Gray, who crash weddings wanting to make some great memories, drink let loose liquor and pick ladies. The film has a few clever minutes that make watchers roar with laughter. The accompanying ​Wedding Crasher cites take you on an excursion through this giggle a-minute satire. John Beckwith What's happening with you? Its a round of touch football, each time I investigate youre on your rear end again.What would you say you will accomplish for a reprise? Stroll on water?You know how they state we just utilize 10 percent of our cerebrums? I think we just utilize 10 percent of our hearts.Im sorry I considered you a hillbilly. I dont even comprehend what that means.Love doesnt exist, that is the thing that Im attempting to let you know folks. Furthermore, Im not singling out adoration, cause I dont think fellowship exists either.Were siblings from New Hampshire. Were adventure capitalists.I will go hit the dance floor with the little bloom young lady. Goodness, and I may be a sanction individual from Oprahs book club. Jeremy Gray Tattoo on the lower back? Should be a bulls eye.Grab that net and catch that delightful butterfly pal.Im going to go see Dr. Finklestein, and Im going to disclose to him we have a totally different pack of issues. We can disregard mother for a while.I felt like Jodie Foster in The Accused last night.I happen to have a universal knowledge of maple syrup! I love maple syrup. I love maple syrup on hotcakes. I love it on pizza. Also, I take maple syrup and put a smidgen in my hair when Ive had an unpleasant week. What do you think holds it up, slick?I trust you flip your bicycle over and take your two front teeth out! You childish bastard! You leave me in the channels taking projectiles, John!A companion in need is a pest.Im simply heating up. A week ago I did a precise [balloon] imitation, to scale, of Wrigley Field. Legitimate to God. I dont have anyplace to put it.She hasnt restored your calls, she hasnt reacted to any of your letters, she didnt react to the candygram. God realizes wh at befallen the little cat you got for her. Cause she didnt keep it, and I know youre not raising the goddamn thing. I think its undeniable at this crossroads that she only level out doesn't wanna see you. Im not great, yet who are we joking. nor are you. Chazz Reinhold Pain is natures most impressive aphrodisiac. I nearly numchuckedâ you; you dont even realize! Yeah, her beau just passed on. Fella passed on in a hang-coasting mishap! What a moron . Mrs. Kroeger You shut your mouth when youre conversing with me! Todd Cleary Passing, you are my bitch sweetheart. Vivian Okay say youre totally loaded with poo or only 50 percent?

The Illegal Aliens Should Continue Receiving Social Services

Acquaintance The contention similarly as with whether unlawful migrants in the United States of America should keep accepting social administrations, for example, food, government assistance clinical consideration and even budgetary guide for schools has been continuous for such a significant stretch and nobody appears to concur with the other.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on The Illegal Aliens Should Continue Receiving Social Services explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most of the Americans contend that the illicit outsiders are languid and structure groups while the individuals who are dynamic are taking employments that in the past had a place with the Americans. On my side, I would recommend that the help of the illicit foreigners proceed with dependent on the accompanying basic realities. Focal points of Illegal Aliens to the United States of America Illegal foreigners as long as they are living inside the United States of America add to the Gross Domestic Product of the nation since they buy merchandise and ventures created inside. At the point when the plants and different firms in the US produce merchandise and ventures, these usually despised unlawful foreigners don't import the products and enterprises from their motherlands rather they purchase the merchandise and ventures created in the United States of America. Then again, regardless of whether they imported the merchandise and enterprises to the United States of America, it would even now prompt the nation increasing more from outside direct speculations (Hanson 19). A typical conviction among the pundits who contend against the arrangement of the said products and enterprises to the unlawful workers is that they don't make good on charges and that they consequently put strains on the American social administrations. These all are lies as a large portion of the illicit foreigners don't fit the bill for government help and they do settle charges (Anon 5). The r eality of the situation is that the displaced people do add to the tax assessment framework however they may not be straightforwardly enrolled under the expense programs existing in the nation. For instance displaced people contribute burdens through the Individual Tax Identification Number (ITIN) which is normally an extraordinary number given to the individuals who are not possessing the government disability numbers however needs to petition for charges since it is an essential prerequisite. These displaced people additionally pay charges at whatever point they purchase products and ventures on offer in the United States of America simply like other typical residents does at whatever point they buy merchandise (Tristam 5). A large portion of the Americans can't play out any kind of occupations on offer, particularly if the wages are low. While most Americans are in urgent need of better paying employments they can't offer their administrations economically in this way it is just through displaced people that the vast majority of the US organizations can get to modest and less expensive labor.Advertising Looking for paper on sociologies? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When US organizations can get to modest work from the outsiders, the expenses of creation are decreased and therefore the vast majority of the US organizations can increase immense benefits contrasted with what they would have made in the event that they had utilized the legitimate American residents. Therefore, displaced people add to the expenses in a roundabout way or even through inversion linkages where the organization pays for corporate assessments on benefits (Garibaldi 13). End Most Americans contend that offspring of unlawful foreigners appreciate free government funded schools and to numerous this is considered as an expense of illicit migration. Nonetheless, rather than seeing the costs what numerous pundits neglect to wat ch is that it would be hazardous and even inefficient to have the enormous populace of youth out of school as destiny would constrain them look for methods of endurance with crimes being the main left decision. These pundits would be the first to be assaulted by the framed packs and begin griping to the specialists that the ignorant offspring of the illicit transients ought to be taken to class rather and in this way my proceeded with help remains regarding why the administration should continue offering these types of assistance to foreigners. Works Cited Anonymous. â€Å"Biased and Hysterical Media Reporting.† Illegal migration insights, 2010. Web. Garibaldi, Mario. â€Å"Illegal Immigration: Pros Cons.† Searchwarp, 2006. Web. Hanson, Gordon. â€Å"The Economic Logic of Illegal Immigration.† Cfr, 2007. 26 Mar. 2011. https://www.cfr.org/report/monetary rationale illicit movement Tristam, Pierre. â€Å"Illegal Immigrants And Benefits: Undocumented Aliens Do Not Overburden Government Programs.† Suite101, 2008. Web.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on The Illegal Aliens Should Continue Receiving Social Services explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This exposition on The Illegal Aliens Should Continue Receiving Social Services was composed and presented by client Trace C. to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it appropriately. You can give your paper here.

Marketing transportation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Promoting transportation - Essay Example 2. Government contribution in universal exchange results from a few monetary reasons, which incorporate joblessness and improvement of relations with outside nations. The legislature likewise gains benefits like winning enough cash to fund projects and administrations for residents. It likewise needs to look after ventures, and keep up its respectability through exchange, since exchange impacts the considering everyday citizens in regards to the effectiveness of the administration. Additionally, the administration acquires cash for races through universal exchange. Consequently, a legislature may be associated with universal exchange to increase enough assets to address the issues of its populace. 20. Strategic Performance Index (LPI) decides the significance of coordinations in universal exchange. It is utilized to gauge a country’s productivity in exchange across six intelligent measurements: (1) viability of the freedom methodology by outskirt control organizations, (2) greatness of exchange and transportation, (3) effectiveness in putting seriously evaluated shipments, (4) capability and class of coordinations administrations, (5) office of following and following shipments, and (6) course of action of in-time shipments as per set

Prepositional Phrases Examples

Prepositional Phrases Examples Prepositional Phrases A preposition is a word that expresses a relationship between a noun or a pronoun and another word in the sentence. The noun or pronoun is called the object of the preposition, and it can be related to another noun or pronoun in the sentence, or to a verb. The preposition, its object, and any modifiers make up the prepositional phrase. Examples of Prepositional Phrases: 1. In the kitchen, you will find my mom. (kitchen relates to mom's location-in) 2. Bring me the box on the table. (table relates to box-box is on the table) 3. My shoes are under the chair. (chair relates to the shoes' location-shoes are under) Practice: 1. I need to go to the store. _________ 2. After dinner, we ran around the block. _________ 3. Sarah is playing in her bedroom. _________ Answer: 1. I need to go to the store. __go_______ 2. After dinner, we ran around the block. ___ran______ 3. Sarah is playing in her bedroom. __playing_______

How Womens Sexuality Is Portrayed By Hip Hop Music Videos

This research paper will examine the difference in how women’s sexuality is portrayed in hip-hop music videos. Are women empowered, or are they objectified when they express their sexuality? The public image of how women move, speak, sound, look, dance, talk, dress, and act is controlled by corporate networks who present these societal-norms to people through many mediums. Dominating how women are portrayed in music videos, men are introducing audiences to certain tropes and ideals women are expected to live up to. This heteronormative, White male fantasy, is unrealistic for women and creates an unhealthy obsession and expectation that females of all sizes and races are supposed to embody. In Women in Popular Music Media Empowered or Exploited? (p.9), Jamie Glantz asks â€Å"Are women represented as the subjects of their own desires, or do they seem to be preforming as the objects of someone else’s?† Men and women alike intend for women to follow these societal r ules. Audiences do not realize the messages they are being fed through hip-hop music videos. The popular, male vocalized, music video for the summer hit of 2013 â€Å"Blurred Lines,† which appeared to be a lighthearted video of Robin Thicke and Pharell dancing with women wearing swimsuits. The male performers make faces at the camera and one another, while the women wear clunky shoes and nothing else. The men attempt to grind on the ladies legs, but the models just look distracted by the lamb featured in the video or aShow MoreRelatedThe Sexualization Of Women s Status2384 Words   |  10 Pagesmovies and music videos, serves to diminish women’s status in society. Though women are universally exploited by the media, in North America women are depicted differently based on race. However, these depictions are polarized between women of colour, to be precise black women, and white women. When juxtaposed, white women appear as demure and black women as sexually aggressiv e. Mass media’s portrayal of black women is not a unique phenomenon. In fact, from the time of slavery black women’s bodies enticeRead MoreEffects Of The Objectification Of Women3623 Words   |  15 Pagesthe Objectification of Women in Music: Societal Acceptance of Permissive Sexual Attitudes Christian Herrera Huntington University Author Note This paper was prepared for Mass Communication taught by Dr. Kevin Miller. Abstract In recent years, three firms have taken control of over 75 percent of the music industry: Universal Music Group, Sony Music, and Warner Music Group (McIntosh Pavlik, 2004, p. 99). Because these record labels do not profit from music styles that lacks strong mass marketRead MoreEssay on Medias Portrayl Of Women620 Words   |  3 Pagesdetermine how they should dress, act and in some cases even how they should perform sexually. â€Å"†¦there are the fashion magazines that focus on beauty, attracting and satisfying men, self-improvement, and (occasionally) work and politics. Examples are Vogue (emphasizing fashion and makeup), Cosmopolitan (emphasizing sexuality and relationships with men), and Self (emphasizing self-improvement and employment) †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Shaw and Lee, p509) It is because of the media today that women are portrayed as objectsRead MoreHip Hop : The Root Of Black Culture1877 Words   |  8 Pages Hip-hop is the root of black culture. Hip-hop is the insight to black communities and was created in the ghetto (unprivileged black communities in North America). It was a will response to systematic violence in the community. To better understand hip-hop and the issue of gender one must question â€Å"at what point did violence, sexism, and homophobia become primary components of a subculture that once was founded on refusal of gang violence and the harmful side of street life and when did black womenRead MoreThe Music Of Rap And Hip Hop1813 Words   |  8 Pagesdropped the anticipated video for her single ‘Anaconda’. The video not only captivated the minds her massive fan base but it also disordered both the hip-hop culture and the community of individuals of feminist political movements. The lack of credit presented to Minaj was overwhelming; many have forgotten the path in which she has caved for many upcoming artists who chose to become rappers. She has proven her ability to be an outspoken woman in the world of rap and hip-hop, an industry that findsRead MoreRap as a Language2526 Words   |  11 PagesSince its start in the music industry around nineteen eighty-eight rap music has always been under a lot of scrutiny for its lyrics and messages that it portrays. Rap music has a long history starting back to the days of slavery and has come a long way since then bridging gaps between all genres of music including jazz, blues, and basic drum beats. When hip hop first came about its message was simple. It was groups of black men who described the life they were living in the ghettos all over theRead MoreEssay about Rap as a language2473 Words   |  10 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Since its start in the music industry around nineteen eighty-eight rap music has always been under a lot of scrutiny for its lyrics and messages that it portrays. Rap music has a long history starting back to the days of slavery and has come a long way since then bridging gaps between all genres of music including jazz, blues, and basic drum beats. When hip hop first came about its message was simple. It was groups of black men who described the life they were livingRead MoreThe Role of Hip-Hop in the Lives of Adolescents Essay2004 Words   |  9 PagesHere’s a task†¦ Ask an individual one of the factors that may cause unacceptable behavior in adolescence. The culprit is Hip-hop. This genre of music receives a bad reputation for its violent, overly sexualized and graphic lyrics. Stereotypically, a typical rap video may consist of an African-American male, riding in the newest car, accompanied with one or more attractive female. This image althoug h it may seem very simplistic poses different implications on both male and female adolescence. The messagesRead MoreWomen s Influence On Popular Music2345 Words   |  10 Pagesof gender in popular music, paying particular attention to the female perspective. Through popular music genres such as rock and pop, this essay analyses what it means to be a man or a woman in the world of popular music. By exploring the history of men and women’s roles in society, it is clear to see how these roles are being portrayed through the music itself, as well as music videos. This essay evaluates what kind of perceived traits masculinity and femininity entail and how they are interpretedRead MoreAre Women Portrayed in the Media?1366 Words   |  6 Pages#20 Professor: Guarracino English 1101-135 10 April 2012 Are Women portrayed in the media? The highlight on the latter raises a larger question about the radicalized sexual images of women today. It is most likely the society that is bombarded by the media’s usage of advertisements, television, billboards, magazines and internet. We are surrounded by the images that most people don’t have. Reality shows and entertainment are emulated and are the common choices for teens today. They may

Obesity And Its Effects On Obesity - 1612 Words

Approximately 17% of children in the United States have been diagnosed as obese (Prevention, 2011). Although the prevalence of obesity has plateaued in the most recent years, the amount of children who are obese is still higher than what is desired. These obesity rates are alarming due to the effect it will have on them and their healthcare. As more children are diagnosed with obesity, the more children increase their risk of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and insulin resistance later as adults (Newby, 2007). This should come as alarm to parents and caregivers alike. Uncontrollable risk factors Children who are obese are faced with uncontrollable factors that can lead them down this road. The Six- C’s model contains six major factors that are probably causation of childhood obesity; which include cell, child, clan, community, country, culture (Dev et al., 2013). The factors that will focused on in this review of literature will be,child; this entails sleep duration, and energy intake, clan; which focuses on the family dynamics and how parents affect their child’s weight (Dev et al., 2013). Trying to find the cause of childhood obesity starts at looking who and what gives theses children the ability to become obese. The ‘child’ factor presented in the Six- C’s model entails sleep duration, energy intake, and BMI (Dev et al., 2013). In an article discussing risk factors that lead to obesity in children, Dev et al. hypothesized that sleep deprivation is a main cause toShow MoreRelatedObesity And Its Effects On Obesity1637 Words   |  7 Pagesdestructive can effects of obesity be. First of all what is an obesity? Obesity is an abnormal accumulation of body fat, usually 20% or more over an individual s ideal body weight. It is a very serious problem and is becoming very dangerous in today’s world. Obesity is now considered to be the second most preventable death in America, with tobacco being the first. As use of tobacco rates continues to decline, the obesity rates continue to rise. With that being said, death numbers of obesity are goingRead M oreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity970 Words   |  4 PagesObesity is the buildup of excess body fat, caused by the ingestion of more food than the body can use in which the extra calories are stored as fat. Obesity is measured by taking BMI, or body mass index of the person which is their height and weight and putting it into a formula. As stated by The Editors of Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, â€Å"A BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 equates with overweight and 30.0 and above with obesity. Morbid obesity (also known as extreme, or severe, obesity) is defined as a BMI ofRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity1692 Words   |  7 Pages  Ã‚  Obesity in America is a health issue which needs to be addressed, but many do not realize that obesity is an issue that needs to be addressed in more ways than one.   Because Americans are not knowledgeable in the issue of obesity, many in society view obese people as unhealthy and irresponsible and treat them with disrespect.   How to over come and prevent obesity, its causes, and different treatments are all ways that obesity needs to be addressed; however, the disrespect towards those who are obeseRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity1068 Words   |  5 PagesObesity has been around for several thousands of years but hasn’t always been a serious epidemic. A higher amount of fat or stored energy used to mean a greater chance at surviving a famine, but those times are long gone in the industrialized world. As time has progressed, we’ve see an exponential growth in obesity rates despite our best efforts to slow it down. In order to contain and eventually decrease obesity rates, we would first need to know what fuels this powerful monster of the westernRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity Essay1282 Words   |  6 Pagesactually leading to an unhealthy lifestyle which is known as obesity. IV. Obesity is a condition of human body that is not as desirable Body Mass Index (BMI) due to accumulation of excess body fat in the blood vessels. A. According to Gary D. Foster, author of the article Primary Physicians’ Attitudes about Obesity and it’s Treatment ,this disease become epidemic in the society and not being solved as the patients’ fears to treat obesity is mainly due to their negative approaches towards this problemRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity1554 Words   |  7 Pages Obesity is a condition that is characterized by excess body weight due to the overconsumption of calories in relation to the calorie loss. There are however other associated causes of obesity that have been identified by the scholars and the variables involved in the trend of this condition have a significant correlation. Different tools have been implemented overtime in the management of obesity to mitigate the short term and the long-term effects that result from this conditionRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesRecent years health experts have been warning people to control their weight and adopt a healthier lifestyle.Over time obesity is a still problem with our society today also, its rates have tripled especially in America.It is obvious we are losing the battle against obesity. Combating obesity and its numerous illnesses will not require more drugs to lower cholesterol, diet books. It will require rethinking our environment.Other measures need to be taken to tackle this international epidemic. AddressingRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity895 Words   |  4 PagesRecent years health experts have been warning people to control their weight and adopt a healthier lifestyle.Over time obesity is a still problem with our society today also, its rates have tripled especially in America.It is obvious we are losing the battle against obesity. Combating obesity and its numerous illnesses will not require more drugs to lower cholesterol, diet books. It will require rethinking our environment.Other measures need to be ta ken to tackle this international epidemic. AddressingRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity1281 Words   |  6 PagesThe famous actor and comedian, Will Ferrell, quoted on twitter, â€Å"Obesity doesn’t run in your family, no one runs in your family†. The joke was intended to be funny, but I’m sure it hit closer to home for a lot of people more than anything else. Many problems in America consist of low employment rates, global warming and, not to forget, obesity. What other country has issues that include the overweight factor? Exactly, none. While mostly adolescent teens to adults are struggling to turn their livesRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity1092 Words   |  5 PagesObesity in America is rising with an alarming, and disturbing rate: more than one-third of adults (78.6 millions) are obese according to Center for Diseases Control and Prevention. In addition, no states in America have prevalence of obesity less than 20 percent; while the s tates having leading percent of obesity are Arkansas, Mississippi, and West Virginia. Obesity’s common effects on health are low life expectancy, high blood pressure, stroke, migraine, low back pain, etc. Furthermore, a recent

Marketing Distribution in Macroeconomic Models

Question: Describe about the Marketing for Distribution in Macroeconomic Models. Answer: Activity 1 According to the website Nteu.org.au. (2016), National Tertiary Education Union (NTEU) is considered as one of the famous non profit organizations of Australia . It is a trade union for all higher education and university employees in australian universities. It charges 1% of the annual income of each member as their membership fee. It has organised online shops that sell commercial goods with the logo of the company. The association is funded by its sponsers and co-sponsers. These are the only ways of generating its revenue and profits. The aim of this case study is to analyze the marketing concept of this non profit organization. As per Hollensen (2015), marketing concept consists of five steps. Production concept NTEU represents the academic, professional, research, general, Elicos teachers and students union staffs in all the universities of Australia. Product concept - NTEU focuses on those people who are being targeted by the main heads. They provide assistance and help to those people by providing them with legal aid, financial help and by guiding them the correct way to overcome and negotiate in their behalf Selling concept - NTEU attracts people towards its organization by facilitating them with various aids. Marketing concept It offers various extra facilities, like minimum membership fees, ease of leaving the union, transferring membership from one institute to another efficiently, and categorizing its members as full time and part time members. Societal marketing concept NTEU focuses on the mass that deals with employment problems in the universities. There are currently many staffs who face the burden of issues at the workplace. Such an organization helps these people to attain satisfaction in their field of work. Billabong international limited is a famous surf company , which deals in clothes retailing and also produces various sports related products. On its official website, billabong pours with information regarding surfing and skiing. The basic aim of this website is to increase it sales in the sector. As it provides various information on these sport, it attracts people who are interested in such activities (Au.billabong.com. 2016). To make their marketing strategies better, the websites must focus more on the whereabouts of their products. They must target the customers who are interested in the products and provide them with various facilities that would help them to get loyal customers . Activity 2 Nestle is originated and headquartered at Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland which deals with transnational food and drink company. It is considered as one of the largest food company in the world. It ranked 72nd on the fortune global 500 in 2014 (nestle.com.au 2016). Recently Nestle has launched a new campaign that has utilizes the NFC tag technology and also the QR codes to provide the customers with new and innovative recipe ideas in Woolworths Supermarkets. A four-week engagement activity that has been running in around 480 Woolworths supermarkets makes the launch of its new brands Oats and Strawberry campaign. This campaign aims to focus on the segment which is health conscious. The place where these campaigns are being conducted are visited by all age groups. This would help the product to reach out to all, hence the campaign is effective. Activity 3 According to Bertola, Foellmi and Zweimller (2014), income distribution measures the smoothness with which income is dealt among the members of the country. If a company is interested in measuring the distribution of income of the Northern Territory, then it has to first divide the countrys population into different segments according to their income level and find out the percentage of their income share. Then the cumulative percentage is prepared of all the segments. Plotting these percentages on graph would enable the company to plot the Lorenz curve, that helps to analyze the income distribution. If these percentage values are represented numerically between ranged 0 to 1, then it even represents the Gini coefficient. Activity 4 Three well known FMCG companies are Procter And Gamble Company, Phillip Morris International and Unilever. Companies like Procter And Gamble and Unilever, deals with different products that could be used by the majority of the population. Therefore, it enables mass marketing. Yet these companies, target certain attributes of the population. Phillip Morris produces those goods that are consumed by only some sections of the society. Hence, here market segmentation takes its toll. With respect to market segmentation, the three companies can be ranked as follows - Procter And Gamble ,followed by Phillip Morris International and then Unilever. The companies should focus on the current needs of the target population. The products should be advertised via different mediums in such a way so as to overcome the true needs of the consumers. Promotions of new products and providing some additional offers is another helpful measure to grab the attention of the customers. Activity 5 The main effects of the demographic changes in the international market are that with the change in the composition of the population, the needs and wants of the goods differs. Organizations then have to change their strategies so that it suits that segment of the society. As stated by Whitbourne and Willis (2014), baby boomers are people born in the post world war 2, between the years 1946-1964. This has increased the number of old age population in the society. Organization that focuses on providing old age suitable products and facilities would be favorable to this era, such as providing assistance to old people, companies manufacturing nutritional and health food, walking aids, hearing aids etc. Reference Au.billabong.com. (2016). [online] Available at: https://au.billabong.com/mens [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Bertola, G., Foellmi, R. and Zweimller, J., 2014.Income distribution in macroeconomic models. Princeton University Press. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. https://www.nestle.com.au. (2016). Home. [online] Available at: https://www.nestle.com.au/ [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Nteu.org.au. (2016). Home - National Tertiary Education Union. [online] Available at: https://www.nteu.org.au/ [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Whitbourne, S.K. and Willis, S.L., 2014.The baby boomers grow up: Contemporary perspectives on midlife. Psychology Press.

Marketing Distribution in Macroeconomic Models

Question: Describe about the Marketing for Distribution in Macroeconomic Models. Answer: Activity 1 According to the website Nteu.org.au. (2016), National Tertiary Education Union (NTEU) is considered as one of the famous non profit organizations of Australia . It is a trade union for all higher education and university employees in australian universities. It charges 1% of the annual income of each member as their membership fee. It has organised online shops that sell commercial goods with the logo of the company. The association is funded by its sponsers and co-sponsers. These are the only ways of generating its revenue and profits. The aim of this case study is to analyze the marketing concept of this non profit organization. As per Hollensen (2015), marketing concept consists of five steps. Production concept NTEU represents the academic, professional, research, general, Elicos teachers and students union staffs in all the universities of Australia. Product concept - NTEU focuses on those people who are being targeted by the main heads. They provide assistance and help to those people by providing them with legal aid, financial help and by guiding them the correct way to overcome and negotiate in their behalf Selling concept - NTEU attracts people towards its organization by facilitating them with various aids. Marketing concept It offers various extra facilities, like minimum membership fees, ease of leaving the union, transferring membership from one institute to another efficiently, and categorizing its members as full time and part time members. Societal marketing concept NTEU focuses on the mass that deals with employment problems in the universities. There are currently many staffs who face the burden of issues at the workplace. Such an organization helps these people to attain satisfaction in their field of work. Billabong international limited is a famous surf company , which deals in clothes retailing and also produces various sports related products. On its official website, billabong pours with information regarding surfing and skiing. The basic aim of this website is to increase it sales in the sector. As it provides various information on these sport, it attracts people who are interested in such activities (Au.billabong.com. 2016). To make their marketing strategies better, the websites must focus more on the whereabouts of their products. They must target the customers who are interested in the products and provide them with various facilities that would help them to get loyal customers . Activity 2 Nestle is originated and headquartered at Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland which deals with transnational food and drink company. It is considered as one of the largest food company in the world. It ranked 72nd on the fortune global 500 in 2014 (nestle.com.au 2016). Recently Nestle has launched a new campaign that has utilizes the NFC tag technology and also the QR codes to provide the customers with new and innovative recipe ideas in Woolworths Supermarkets. A four-week engagement activity that has been running in around 480 Woolworths supermarkets makes the launch of its new brands Oats and Strawberry campaign. This campaign aims to focus on the segment which is health conscious. The place where these campaigns are being conducted are visited by all age groups. This would help the product to reach out to all, hence the campaign is effective. Activity 3 According to Bertola, Foellmi and Zweimller (2014), income distribution measures the smoothness with which income is dealt among the members of the country. If a company is interested in measuring the distribution of income of the Northern Territory, then it has to first divide the countrys population into different segments according to their income level and find out the percentage of their income share. Then the cumulative percentage is prepared of all the segments. Plotting these percentages on graph would enable the company to plot the Lorenz curve, that helps to analyze the income distribution. If these percentage values are represented numerically between ranged 0 to 1, then it even represents the Gini coefficient. Activity 4 Three well known FMCG companies are Procter And Gamble Company, Phillip Morris International and Unilever. Companies like Procter And Gamble and Unilever, deals with different products that could be used by the majority of the population. Therefore, it enables mass marketing. Yet these companies, target certain attributes of the population. Phillip Morris produces those goods that are consumed by only some sections of the society. Hence, here market segmentation takes its toll. With respect to market segmentation, the three companies can be ranked as follows - Procter And Gamble ,followed by Phillip Morris International and then Unilever. The companies should focus on the current needs of the target population. The products should be advertised via different mediums in such a way so as to overcome the true needs of the consumers. Promotions of new products and providing some additional offers is another helpful measure to grab the attention of the customers. Activity 5 The main effects of the demographic changes in the international market are that with the change in the composition of the population, the needs and wants of the goods differs. Organizations then have to change their strategies so that it suits that segment of the society. As stated by Whitbourne and Willis (2014), baby boomers are people born in the post world war 2, between the years 1946-1964. This has increased the number of old age population in the society. Organization that focuses on providing old age suitable products and facilities would be favorable to this era, such as providing assistance to old people, companies manufacturing nutritional and health food, walking aids, hearing aids etc. Reference Au.billabong.com. (2016). [online] Available at: https://au.billabong.com/mens [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Bertola, G., Foellmi, R. and Zweimller, J., 2014.Income distribution in macroeconomic models. Princeton University Press. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. https://www.nestle.com.au. (2016). Home. [online] Available at: https://www.nestle.com.au/ [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Nteu.org.au. (2016). Home - National Tertiary Education Union. [online] Available at: https://www.nteu.org.au/ [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Whitbourne, S.K. and Willis, S.L., 2014.The baby boomers grow up: Contemporary perspectives on midlife. Psychology Press.

Marketing Distribution in Macroeconomic Models

Question: Describe about the Marketing for Distribution in Macroeconomic Models. Answer: Activity 1 According to the website Nteu.org.au. (2016), National Tertiary Education Union (NTEU) is considered as one of the famous non profit organizations of Australia . It is a trade union for all higher education and university employees in australian universities. It charges 1% of the annual income of each member as their membership fee. It has organised online shops that sell commercial goods with the logo of the company. The association is funded by its sponsers and co-sponsers. These are the only ways of generating its revenue and profits. The aim of this case study is to analyze the marketing concept of this non profit organization. As per Hollensen (2015), marketing concept consists of five steps. Production concept NTEU represents the academic, professional, research, general, Elicos teachers and students union staffs in all the universities of Australia. Product concept - NTEU focuses on those people who are being targeted by the main heads. They provide assistance and help to those people by providing them with legal aid, financial help and by guiding them the correct way to overcome and negotiate in their behalf Selling concept - NTEU attracts people towards its organization by facilitating them with various aids. Marketing concept It offers various extra facilities, like minimum membership fees, ease of leaving the union, transferring membership from one institute to another efficiently, and categorizing its members as full time and part time members. Societal marketing concept NTEU focuses on the mass that deals with employment problems in the universities. There are currently many staffs who face the burden of issues at the workplace. Such an organization helps these people to attain satisfaction in their field of work. Billabong international limited is a famous surf company , which deals in clothes retailing and also produces various sports related products. On its official website, billabong pours with information regarding surfing and skiing. The basic aim of this website is to increase it sales in the sector. As it provides various information on these sport, it attracts people who are interested in such activities (Au.billabong.com. 2016). To make their marketing strategies better, the websites must focus more on the whereabouts of their products. They must target the customers who are interested in the products and provide them with various facilities that would help them to get loyal customers . Activity 2 Nestle is originated and headquartered at Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland which deals with transnational food and drink company. It is considered as one of the largest food company in the world. It ranked 72nd on the fortune global 500 in 2014 (nestle.com.au 2016). Recently Nestle has launched a new campaign that has utilizes the NFC tag technology and also the QR codes to provide the customers with new and innovative recipe ideas in Woolworths Supermarkets. A four-week engagement activity that has been running in around 480 Woolworths supermarkets makes the launch of its new brands Oats and Strawberry campaign. This campaign aims to focus on the segment which is health conscious. The place where these campaigns are being conducted are visited by all age groups. This would help the product to reach out to all, hence the campaign is effective. Activity 3 According to Bertola, Foellmi and Zweimller (2014), income distribution measures the smoothness with which income is dealt among the members of the country. If a company is interested in measuring the distribution of income of the Northern Territory, then it has to first divide the countrys population into different segments according to their income level and find out the percentage of their income share. Then the cumulative percentage is prepared of all the segments. Plotting these percentages on graph would enable the company to plot the Lorenz curve, that helps to analyze the income distribution. If these percentage values are represented numerically between ranged 0 to 1, then it even represents the Gini coefficient. Activity 4 Three well known FMCG companies are Procter And Gamble Company, Phillip Morris International and Unilever. Companies like Procter And Gamble and Unilever, deals with different products that could be used by the majority of the population. Therefore, it enables mass marketing. Yet these companies, target certain attributes of the population. Phillip Morris produces those goods that are consumed by only some sections of the society. Hence, here market segmentation takes its toll. With respect to market segmentation, the three companies can be ranked as follows - Procter And Gamble ,followed by Phillip Morris International and then Unilever. The companies should focus on the current needs of the target population. The products should be advertised via different mediums in such a way so as to overcome the true needs of the consumers. Promotions of new products and providing some additional offers is another helpful measure to grab the attention of the customers. Activity 5 The main effects of the demographic changes in the international market are that with the change in the composition of the population, the needs and wants of the goods differs. Organizations then have to change their strategies so that it suits that segment of the society. As stated by Whitbourne and Willis (2014), baby boomers are people born in the post world war 2, between the years 1946-1964. This has increased the number of old age population in the society. Organization that focuses on providing old age suitable products and facilities would be favorable to this era, such as providing assistance to old people, companies manufacturing nutritional and health food, walking aids, hearing aids etc. Reference Au.billabong.com. (2016). [online] Available at: https://au.billabong.com/mens [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Bertola, G., Foellmi, R. and Zweimller, J., 2014.Income distribution in macroeconomic models. Princeton University Press. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. https://www.nestle.com.au. (2016). Home. [online] Available at: https://www.nestle.com.au/ [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Nteu.org.au. (2016). Home - National Tertiary Education Union. [online] Available at: https://www.nteu.org.au/ [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Whitbourne, S.K. and Willis, S.L., 2014.The baby boomers grow up: Contemporary perspectives on midlife. Psychology Press.

Marketing Distribution in Macroeconomic Models

Question: Describe about the Marketing for Distribution in Macroeconomic Models. Answer: Activity 1 According to the website Nteu.org.au. (2016), National Tertiary Education Union (NTEU) is considered as one of the famous non profit organizations of Australia . It is a trade union for all higher education and university employees in australian universities. It charges 1% of the annual income of each member as their membership fee. It has organised online shops that sell commercial goods with the logo of the company. The association is funded by its sponsers and co-sponsers. These are the only ways of generating its revenue and profits. The aim of this case study is to analyze the marketing concept of this non profit organization. As per Hollensen (2015), marketing concept consists of five steps. Production concept NTEU represents the academic, professional, research, general, Elicos teachers and students union staffs in all the universities of Australia. Product concept - NTEU focuses on those people who are being targeted by the main heads. They provide assistance and help to those people by providing them with legal aid, financial help and by guiding them the correct way to overcome and negotiate in their behalf Selling concept - NTEU attracts people towards its organization by facilitating them with various aids. Marketing concept It offers various extra facilities, like minimum membership fees, ease of leaving the union, transferring membership from one institute to another efficiently, and categorizing its members as full time and part time members. Societal marketing concept NTEU focuses on the mass that deals with employment problems in the universities. There are currently many staffs who face the burden of issues at the workplace. Such an organization helps these people to attain satisfaction in their field of work. Billabong international limited is a famous surf company , which deals in clothes retailing and also produces various sports related products. On its official website, billabong pours with information regarding surfing and skiing. The basic aim of this website is to increase it sales in the sector. As it provides various information on these sport, it attracts people who are interested in such activities (Au.billabong.com. 2016). To make their marketing strategies better, the websites must focus more on the whereabouts of their products. They must target the customers who are interested in the products and provide them with various facilities that would help them to get loyal customers . Activity 2 Nestle is originated and headquartered at Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland which deals with transnational food and drink company. It is considered as one of the largest food company in the world. It ranked 72nd on the fortune global 500 in 2014 (nestle.com.au 2016). Recently Nestle has launched a new campaign that has utilizes the NFC tag technology and also the QR codes to provide the customers with new and innovative recipe ideas in Woolworths Supermarkets. A four-week engagement activity that has been running in around 480 Woolworths supermarkets makes the launch of its new brands Oats and Strawberry campaign. This campaign aims to focus on the segment which is health conscious. The place where these campaigns are being conducted are visited by all age groups. This would help the product to reach out to all, hence the campaign is effective. Activity 3 According to Bertola, Foellmi and Zweimller (2014), income distribution measures the smoothness with which income is dealt among the members of the country. If a company is interested in measuring the distribution of income of the Northern Territory, then it has to first divide the countrys population into different segments according to their income level and find out the percentage of their income share. Then the cumulative percentage is prepared of all the segments. Plotting these percentages on graph would enable the company to plot the Lorenz curve, that helps to analyze the income distribution. If these percentage values are represented numerically between ranged 0 to 1, then it even represents the Gini coefficient. Activity 4 Three well known FMCG companies are Procter And Gamble Company, Phillip Morris International and Unilever. Companies like Procter And Gamble and Unilever, deals with different products that could be used by the majority of the population. Therefore, it enables mass marketing. Yet these companies, target certain attributes of the population. Phillip Morris produces those goods that are consumed by only some sections of the society. Hence, here market segmentation takes its toll. With respect to market segmentation, the three companies can be ranked as follows - Procter And Gamble ,followed by Phillip Morris International and then Unilever. The companies should focus on the current needs of the target population. The products should be advertised via different mediums in such a way so as to overcome the true needs of the consumers. Promotions of new products and providing some additional offers is another helpful measure to grab the attention of the customers. Activity 5 The main effects of the demographic changes in the international market are that with the change in the composition of the population, the needs and wants of the goods differs. Organizations then have to change their strategies so that it suits that segment of the society. As stated by Whitbourne and Willis (2014), baby boomers are people born in the post world war 2, between the years 1946-1964. This has increased the number of old age population in the society. Organization that focuses on providing old age suitable products and facilities would be favorable to this era, such as providing assistance to old people, companies manufacturing nutritional and health food, walking aids, hearing aids etc. Reference Au.billabong.com. (2016). [online] Available at: https://au.billabong.com/mens [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Bertola, G., Foellmi, R. and Zweimller, J., 2014.Income distribution in macroeconomic models. Princeton University Press. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. https://www.nestle.com.au. (2016). Home. [online] Available at: https://www.nestle.com.au/ [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Nteu.org.au. (2016). Home - National Tertiary Education Union. [online] Available at: https://www.nteu.org.au/ [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Whitbourne, S.K. and Willis, S.L., 2014.The baby boomers grow up: Contemporary perspectives on midlife. Psychology Press.

Working conditions free essay sample

Working today is usually quite safe. The government has made laws saying that employers have to look after the workforce and provide safety equipment and other things for them. At the start of the Industrial Revolution none of these laws existed and so working in a factory could prove to be very dangerous indeed. This section looks at some of the conditions faced by workers and offers a brief explanation of what was done to improve these conditions. Industries such as the cotton trade were particularly hard for workers to endure long hours of labour. The nature of the work being done meant that the workplace had to be very hot, steam engines contributing further to the heat in this and other industries. Machinery was not always fenced off and workers would be exposed to the moving parts of the machines whilst they worked. Children were often employed to move between these dangerous machines as they were small enough to fit between tightly packed machinery. We will write a custom essay sample on Working conditions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This led to them being placed in a great deal of danger and mortality (death rates) were quite high in factories. Added to the dangers of the workplace also consider the impact of the hours worked. It was quite common for workers to work 12 hours or more a day, in the hot and physically exhausting work places. Exhaustion naturally leads to the worker becoming sluggish (slow), which again makes the workplace more dangerous. Not all factories were as bad as the scenario highlighted above. Robert owen and Titus salt for example were both regarded as good employers in this respect. They were amongst a group of people who were known as reformers. These people wanted changes to the way that factories were run. They faced opposition from other mill owners who knew that reforms would cost them money and give the workers more rights. (They wanted to make as much profit as possible remember, that is the purpose of manufacturing in a capitalist country). The reformers gradually managed to force changes to the way that workers were treated.

On the SAT, How Many People Get a 1400, 1500, or 1600

On the SAT, How Many People Get a 1400, 1500, or 1600 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips How many students get a high score on the SAT? How many students get a perfect score? Here we look at the number of students and the percentile of these top ranks. Then we find out whether you should retake the SAT if you get these scores. Note:This guide was created when the SAT used its old 2400 scoring scale. Unfortunately, we don't have the same data for the current version of the SAT (out of 1600 points), but we do have a conversion chart below so you can convert your 1600-scale SAT score to a 2400-scale score and still make use of the information in this article. SAT Score Conversion Chart Below is the conversion chart you can use to convert your current SAT score to the old 2400-scale version of the SAT. For example, if you scored an 1150 on the current version of the SAT, that's equivalent to a 1590 on the old SAT. So 1590 is the score you'd use for reference as you read the rest of the article to get a sense of where you rank in regards to other SAT test takers. New SAT Old SAT New SAT Old SAT New SAT Old SAT 1600 2390 1200 1670 800 1060 1590 2370 1190 1650 790 1040 1580 2350 1180 1640 780 1030 1570 2330 1170 1620 770 1010 1560 2300 1160 1610 760 990 1550 2280 1150 1590 750 980 1540 2260 1140 1570 740 960 1530 2230 1130 1560 730 950 1520 2210 1120 1540 720 930 1510 2190 1110 1530 710 910 1500 2170 1100 1510 700 900 1490 2150 1090 1490 690 880 1480 2130 1080 1480 680 870 1470 2110 1070 1460 670 860 1460 2090 1060 1450 660 850 1450 2080 1050 1430 650 840 1440 2060 1040 1420 640 830 1430 2040 1030 1400 630 820 1420 2020 1020 1390 620 810 1410 2000 1010 1370 610 800 1400 1990 1000 1360 600 790 1390 1970 990 1340 590 780 1380 1950 980 1330 580 770 1370 1930 970 1310 570 760 1360 1920 960 1300 560 750 1350 1900 950 1280 550 740 1340 1880 940 1270 540 730 1330 1870 930 1250 530 730 1320 1850 920 1240 520 720 1310 1840 910 1220 510 710 1300 1820 900 1210 500 700 1290 1810 890 1200 490 690 1280 1790 880 1180 480 680 1270 1780 870 1170 470 670 1260 1760 860 1150 460 660 1250 1750 850 1140 450 650 1240 1730 840 1120 440 640 1230 1710 830 1110 430 630 1220 1700 820 1090 420 620 1210 1680 810 1070 410 610 400 600 Which SAT Data Is the Most Important for You? Before we talk about the exact numbers, it's important to know which data you should care about. Take a score like 2200. According to the College Board, who has comprehensive statistics on all takers of the official SAT, there are 2,574 students who got exactly a 2200 in 2014. However, if you are comparing yourself to the College Board's official numbers, you should be careful about how they construct it.The College Board is only looking at 2014 college-bound seniors - so if you are pretty far removed from this group, it won't represent how you're performing. For example, if you are a sophomore, a 2200 will be much more impressive than the official table of numbers suggests because you've had two less years of school compared to high school seniors. Percentiles vs Absolute Numbers You should also consider whether you should care about absolute numbers or percentiles most. If you care about how you're doing compared to the average test taker, you might care more about percentiles - a 2200 is 98th percentile (or inverted top 2 percentile). This tells you you're within the top 2% of test takers. Picture the median test taker in your mind: aUS student who performs average in class and prepares just a few hours for the SAT. When does comparing against this person help you determine where you are? I suggest that the absolute number of people matters more.After all, Harvard takes in a class of 1200 per year, the top ten colleges probably take in around 20,000, and how you numerically fit into that picture matters more. Cumulative Numbers Back to absolute numbers - 2,574 students got a 2200. But that doesn't mean that if you got a 2200, you're within the top 2,574 students. You have to count all the people who got 2200 or above. In statistics, this is called the cumulative number. This is important because you're not just competing against people who got a 2200 exactly - you're pretty much neck-to-neck with those who got 2210, 2220 and so forth. That's why you want to look at people who got a score or above. This number is most useful to figure out the sort of colleges you're competitive for. For example, if you're in the top 3000 or so, you're competitive for every college, since the top two to three colleges together accept that many per year. Likewise, wherever you place, you can count the slots colleges have above that. The Raw Facts Here is the table showing data for scores from 2200 to 2400, and below is more explanation of what each of the columns show. Score Number of Students Cumulative Number Precise Top Percentile 2400 583 583 0.0348% 2350 630 2969 0.1775% 2300 1371 8812 0.5269% 2250 1914 17225 1.0299% 2200 2574 28834 1.7241% Your Score = The SAT 3-Section Score (out of 2400) Number of Students = Number of students in 2014 who got exactly your score. This number is not cumulative and isn't the best measure of performance. Cumulative Number = This is the total number of students in 2014 who got the same score as you or more. This is the group you're competing with. Precise Percentile = Here we include the precise percentile this score puts you in. The College Board represents percentiles only roughly - they just tell you 99%+ in your score report. We use their exact numbers to re-run the calculation and tell you what exact top fraction you're in. Bonus: Should You Retake the SAT? I've written before that students can easily get 100 points more or less during different SATs without doing anything different, and colleges know that. A change of 100 points is not statistically significant. Does that mean colleges don't care about a 100 point difference - that colleges don't care between a SAT score of 2150 and a 2250, or between a 2250 and 2350? Not at all - because the idea of statistical significance is not the same as expected difference. (This is where my master's degree in statistics can shine!) Statistical significance measures whether someone who got 2350 could get 2250 by likely chance - the answer is absolutely yes! But expected difference measures whether on average, someone who happens to get a 2350 is better than someone who got a 2250 - the answer is also yes. It's not hard to understand intuitively - if you get a 2350 you probably just got a couple of questions wrong, all due to a careless mistake. When you get in the 2250 zone, you're getting up to half a dozen wrong, and that on average reflects a degree of care and mastery that's simply different from a 2350. Our advice then is that especially due to superscoring, even if you're getting 2200, it's worth retaking it up to just above a 2300. What's Next? Not happy with your SAT score?If you want to raise your score,check out our guide on low SAT scoresfor helpful tips. For more strategies, take a look at our guides to getting a perfect SAT score on Reading, Math, Writing and overall. What kinds of study materials do you need to study for the SAT? We break down what the best prep books are (and which books to avoid) in this expert guide. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today!

Bus 698-week 13 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Bus 698-week 13 - Essay Example †¢ The environment is dynamic: certain issues in the environment may draw high attention currently than they might have done previously (Gallup poll keep consistency in questions of measurement to some political polls even if events at some point had made questions less for this same reason). †¢ People are dynamic. The moment the respondent matures, varying answers reflect not only their level of maturity but also sensitivity and familiarity of the topics. Measurement session may tune participants into topics once altered. The participants of the group may change due to illness, become potential parents, loose interests or even die hence dropping out longitudinal sample study. This is the right time for discussion whether respondents that are being replaced are required to be matched for the results to be comparable in the study of longitudinal. 2. The possibilities for the student choices are fairly broad. The question does well as a group exercise where you divide findings, and each group picks more than one facts from the subset of findings to base on for argument. Additionally, it is a great time to reinforce that even fewer statistics can be more memorable than many statistics when making a point to capture the attention. 3. Students often have varied costs linked with reaching diverse subsets of the sample. Although it is not yet right time to discuss budgetary of research, Students have the wrong perception that online surveys are the best as far as cost constraint is concerned. It is the right time to discuss on the web survey that they are no free, and many other factors influence the online survey or any other method. Apparently, proof point was in a position of trying to establish an IT provider in UK, so quoting U.S statistics study would not encompass captured concentration once felt is important in UK. If the first study in UK shows cohesion with US then reassessment of data could be done if it were

Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Questions - Assignment Example Secondly, many of the practices of Ancient Egypt still exists in various forms in African societies. And although most of these practices have systematically disappeared over the past 500 years due to Islamic and Christian influences, most African tribes continue to pay homage to the dead and some even worship ancestors. This is the exact traditions that were held sacred in Ancient Egypt. This is because the Egyptians saw their leaders as a link between the contemporary society and the supernatural world. Hence, there was a lot of attention that was given to the leaders of the community. The beliefs in the Afterlife led to the creation of pyramids which exist to this day as a way of keeping the Pharaohs eternally alive. Although Africans moved from these regions many years ago, they still have traditions like preserving the dead, having very elaborate funerals and the beliefs in spiritual systems and structures similar to what existed in Ancient Egypt. The culture and political struc tures of Africa continue to show resemblance with what existed in Egypt. Paleontology primarily shows evidence of changes in weather and other natural conditions that explains the need for Africans to move in various directions from the Nile Valley. Global warming and other challenges like war caused Africans to move in other directions. Then the desertification of the mid-section of Africa led to the creation of what is now the world’s largest desert. This caused Africans to move further south. And when the Sahara was fully formed, most Africans could not move to North Africa to link up to mainstream activities and technologies. Therefore, they moved in small scattered communities that were in the interior of West Africa and East Africa. Other conditions caused Africans to move further down south to places like the coast of West Africa, Central Africa and Southern Africa. After the decline of Classical Egypt, persons

Audit Consultant Essay Example for Free

Audit Consultant Essay The Science of Scientific Writing If the reader is to grasp what the writer means, the writer must understand what the reader needs George D. Gopen and Judith A. Swan* *George D. Gopen is associate professor of English and Director of Writing Programs at Duke University. He holds a Ph. D. in English from Harvard University and a J. D. from Harvard Law School. Judith A. Swan teaches scientific writing at Princeton University. Her Ph. D. , which is in biochemistry, was earned at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Address for Gopen: 307 Allen Building, Duke University, Durham, NC 27706 Science is often hard to read. Most people assume that its difficulties are born out of necessity, out of the extreme complexity of scientific concepts, data and analysis. We argue here that complexity of thought need not lead to impenetrability of expression; we demonstrate a number of rhetorical principles that can produce clarity in communication without oversimplifying scientific issues. The results are substantive, not merely cosmetic: Improving the quality of writing actually improves the quality of thought. The fundamental purpose of scientific discourse is not the mere presentation of information and thought, but rather its actual communication. It does not matter how pleased an author might be to have converted all the right data into sentences and paragraphs; it matters only whether a large majority of the reading audience accurately perceives what the author had in mind. Therefore, in order to understand how best to improve writing, we would do well to understand better how readers go about reading. Such an understanding has recently become available through work done in the fields of rhetoric, linguistics and cognitive psychology. It has helped to produce a methodology based on the concept of reader expectations. Writing with the Reader in Mind: Expectation and Context Readers do not simply read; they interpret. Any piece of prose, no matter how short, may mean in 10 (or more) different ways to 10 different readers. This methodology of reader expectations is founded on the recognition that readers make many of their most important interpretive decisions about the substance of prose based on clues they receive from its structure. This interplay between substance and structure can be demonstrated by something as basic as a simple table. Let us say that in tracking the temperature of a liquid over a period of time, an investigator takes measurements every three minutes and records a list of temperatures. Those data could be presented by a number of written structures. Here are two possibilities: t(time)=15’, T(temperature)=32? , t=0’, T=25? ; t=6’, T=29? ; t=3’, T=27? ; t=12’, T=32? ; t=9’; T=31? time (min) 0 3 6 9 12 15 temperature(? C) 25 27 29 31 32 32 Precisely the same information appears in both formats, yet most readers find the second easier to interpret. It may be that the very familiarity of the tabular structure makes it easier to use. But, more significantly, the structure of the second table provides the reader with an easily perceived context (time) in which the significant piece of information (temperature) can be interpreted. The contextual material appears on the left in a pattern that produces an expectation of regularity; the interesting results appear on the right in a less obvious pattern, the discovery of which is the point of the table. If the two sides of this simple table are reversed, it becomes much harder to read. temperature(? C) 25 27 29 31 32 32 time(min) 0 3 6 9 12 15. Since we read from left to right, we prefer the context on the left, where it can more effectively familiarize the reader. We prefer the new, important information on the right, since its job is to intrigue the reader. Information is interpreted more easily and more uniformly if it is placed where most readers expect to find it. These needs and expectations of readers affect the interpretation not only of tables and illustrations but also of prose itself. Readers have relatively fixed expectations about where in the structure of prose they will encounter particular items of its substance. If writers can become consciously aware of these locations, they can better control the degrees of recognition and emphasis a reader will give to the various pieces of information being presented. Good writers are intuitively aware of these expectations; that is why their prose has what we call shape. This underlying concept of reader expectation is perhaps most immediately evident at the level of the largest units of discourse. (A unit of discourse is defined as anything with a beginning and an end: a clause, a sentence, a section, an article, etc. ) A research article, for example, is generally divided into recognizable sections, sometimes labeled Introduction, Experimental Methods, Results and Discussion. When the sections are confusedwhen too much experimental detail is found in the Results section, or when discussion and results interminglereaders are often equally confused. In smaller units of discourse the functional divisions are not so explicitly labeled, but readers have definite expectations all the same, and they search for certain information in particular places. If these structural expectations are continually violated, readers are forced to divert energy from understanding the content of a passage to unraveling its structure. As the complexity of the context increases moderately, the possibility of misinterpretation or noninterpretation increases dramatically. We present here some results of applying this methodology to research reports in the scientific literature. We have taken several passages from research articles (either published or accepted for publication) and have suggested ways of rewriting them by applying principles derived from the study of reader expectations. We have not sought to transform the passages into plain English for the use of the general public; we have neither decreased the jargon nor diluted the science. We have striven not for simplification but for clarification. Reader Expectations for the Structure of Prose Here is our first example of scientific prose, in its original form: The smallest of the URF’s (URFA6L), a 207-nucleotide (nt) reading frame overlapping out of phase the NH2-terminal portion of the adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) subunit 6 gene has been identified as the animal equivalent of the recently discovered yeast H+-ATPase subunit 8 gene. The functional significance of the other URF’s has been, on the contrary, elusive. Recently, however, immunoprecipitation experiments with antibodies to purified, rotenone-sensitive NADH-ubiquinone oxido-reductase [hereafter referred to as respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase or complex I] from bovine heart, as well as enzyme fractionation studies, have indicated that six human URF’s (that is, URF1, URF2, URF3, URF4, URF4L, and URF5, hereafter referred to as ND1, ND2, ND3, ND4, ND4L, and ND5) encode subunits of complex I. This is a large complex that also contains many subunits synthesized in the cytoplasm. * [*The full paragraph includes one more sentence: Support for such functional identification of the URF products has come from the finding that the purified rotenone-sensitive NADH dehydrogenase from Neurospora crassa contains several subunits synthesized within the mitochondria, and from the observation that the stopper mutant of Neurospora crassa, whose mtDNA lacks two genes homologous to URF2 and URF3, has no functional complex I. We have omitted this sentence both because the passage is long enough as is and because it raises no additional structural issues. ] Ask any ten people why this paragraph is hard to read, and nine are sure to mention the technical vocabulary; several will also suggest that it requires specialized background knowledge. Those problems turn out to be only a small part of the difficulty. Here is the passage again, with the difficult words temporarily lifted: The smallest of the URF’s, and [A], has been identified as a [B] subunit 8 gene. The functional significance of the other URF’s has been, on the contrary, elusive. Recently, however, [C] experiments, as well as [D] studies, have indicated that six human URF’s [1-6] encode subunits of Complex I. This is a large complex that also contains many subunits synthesized in the cytoplasm. It may now be easier to survive the journey through the prose, but the passage is still difficult. Any number of questions present themselves: What has the first sentence of the passage to do with the last sentence? Does the third sentence contradict what we have been told in the second sentence? Is the functional significance of URF’s still elusive? Will this passage lead us to further discussion about URF’s, or about Complex I, or both? Information is interpreted more easily and more  uniformly if it is placed where most readers expect to find it. Knowing a little about the subject matter does not clear up all the confusion. The intended audience of this passage would probably possess at least two items of essential technical information: first, URF stands for Uninterrupted Reading Frame, which describes a segment of DNA organized in such a way that it could encode a protein, although no such protein product has yet been identified; second, both APTase and NADH oxido-reductase are enzyme complexes central to energy metabolism. Although this information may provide some sense of comfort, it does little to answer the interpretive questions that need answering. It seems the reader is hindered by more than just the scientific jargon. To get at the problem, we need to articulate something about how readers go about reading. We proceed to the first of several reader expectations. Subject-Verb Separation Look again at the first sentence of the passage cited above. It is relatively long, 42 words; but that turns out not to be the main cause of its burdensome complexity. Long sentences need not be difficult to read; they are only difficult to write. We have seen sentences of over 100 words that flow easily and persuasively toward their clearly demarcated destination. Those well-wrought serpents all had something in common: Their structure presented information to readers in the order the readers needed and expected it. Beginning with the exciting material and ending with a lack of luster often leaves us disappointed and destroys our sense of momentum. The first sentence of our example passage does just the opposite: it burdens and obstructs the reader, because of an all-too-common structural defect. Note that the grammatical subject (the smallest) is separated from its verb (has been identified) by 23 words, more than half the sentence. Readers expect a grammatical subject to be followed immediately by the verb. Anything of length that intervenes between subject and verb is read as an interruption, and therefore as something of lesser importance. The reader’s expectation stems from a pressing need for syntactic resolution, fulfilled only by the arrival of the verb. Without the verb, we do not know what the subject is doing, or what the sentence is all about. As a result, the reader focuses attention on the arrival of the verb and resists recognizing anything in the interrupting material as being of primary importance. The longer the interruption lasts, the more likely it becomes that the interruptive material actually contains important information; but its structural location will continue to brand it as merely interruptive. Unfortunately, the reader will not discover its true value until too late-until the sentence has ended without having produced anything of much value outside of that subject-verb interruption. In this first sentence of the paragraph, the relative importance of the intervening material is difficult to evaluate. The material might conceivably be quite significant, in which case the writer should have positioned it to reveal that importance. Here is one way to incorporate it into the sentence structure: The smallest of the URF’s is URFA6L, a 207-nucleotide (nt) reading frame overlapping out of phase the NH2-terminal portion of the adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) subunit 6 gene; it has been identified as the animal equivalent of the recently discovered yeast H+-ATPase subunit 8 gene. On the other hand, the intervening material might be a mere aside that diverts attention from more important ideas; in that case the writer should have deleted it, allowing the prose to drive more directly toward its significant point: The smallest of the URF’s (URFA6L) has been identified as the animal equivalent of the recently discovered yeast H+-ATPase subunit 8 gene. Only the author could tell us which of these revisions more accurately reflects his intentions. These revisions lead us to a second set of reader expectations. Each unit of discourse, no matter what the size, is expected to serve a single function, to make a single point. In the case of a sentence, the point is expected to appear in a specific place reserved for emphasis. The Stress Position It is a linguistic commonplace that readers naturally emphasize the material that arrives at the end of a sentence. We refer to that location as a stress position. If a writer is consciously aware of this tendency, she can arrange for the emphatic information to appear at the moment the reader is naturally exerting the greatest reading emphasis. As a result, the chances greatly increase that reader and writer will perceive the same material as being worthy of primary emphasis. The very structure of the sentence thus helps persuade the reader of the relative values of the sentence’s contents. The inclination to direct more energy to that which arrives last in a sentence seems to correspond to the way we work at tasks through time. We tend to take something like a mental breath as we begin to read each new sentence, thereby summoning the tension with which we pay attention to the unfolding of the syntax. As we recognize that the sentence is drawing toward its conclusion, we begin to exhale that mental breath. The exhalation produces a sense of emphasis. Moreover, we delight in being rewarded at the end of a labor with something that makes the ongoing effort worthwhile. Beginning with the exciting material and ending with a lack of luster often leaves us disappointed and destroys our sense of momentum. We do not start with the strawberry shortcake and work our way up to the broccoli. When the writer puts the emphatic material of a sentence in any place other than the stress position, one of two things can happen; both are bad. First, the reader might find the stress position occupied by material that clearly is not worthy of emphasis. In this case, the reader must discern, without any additional structural clue, what else in the sentence may be the most likely candidate for emphasis. There are no secondary structural indications to fall back upon. In sentences that are long, dense or sophisticated, chances soar that the reader will not interpret the prose precisely as the writer intended. The second possibility is even worse: The reader may find the stress position occupied by something that does appear capable of receiving emphasis, even though the writer did not intend to give it any stress. In that case, the reader is highly likely to emphasize this imposter material, and the writer will have lost an important opportunity to influence the reader’s interpretive process. The stress position can change in size from sentence to sentence. Sometimes it consists of a single word; sometimes it extends to several lines. The definitive factor is this: The stress position coincides with the moment of syntactic closure. A reader has reached the beginning of the stress position when she knows there is nothing left in the clause or sentence but the material presently being read. Thus a whole list, numbered and indented, can occupy the stress position of a sentence if it has been clearly announced as being all that remains of that sentence. Each member of that list, in turn, may have its own internal stress position, since each member may produce its own syntactic closure. Within a sentence, secondary stress positions can be formed by the appearance of a properly used colon or semicolon; by grammatical convention, the material preceding these punctuation marks must be able to stand by itself as a complete sentence. Thus, sentences can be extended effortlessly to dozens of words, as long as there is a medial syntactic closure for every piece of new, stress-worthy information along the way. One of our revisions of the initial sentence can serve as an example: The smallest of the URF’s is URFA6L, a 207-nucleotide (nt) reading frame overlapping out of phase the NH2-terminal portion of the adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) subunit 6 gene; it has been identified as the animal equivalent of the recently discovered yeast H+-ATPase subunit 8 gene. By using a semicolon, we created a second stress position to accommodate a second piece of information that seemed to require emphasis. We now have three rhetorical principles based on reader expectations: First, grammatical subjects should be followed as soon as possible by their verbs; second, every unit of discourse, no matter the size, should serve a single function or make a single point; and, third, information intended to be emphasized should appear at points of syntactic closure. Using these principles, we can begin to unravel the problems of our example prose. Note the subject-verb separation in the 62-word third sentence of the original passage: Recently, however, immunoprecipitation experiments with antibodies to purified, rotenone-sensitive NADH-ubiquinone oxido-reductase [hereafter referred to as respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase or complex I] from bovine heart, as well as enzyme fractionation studies, have indicated that six human URF’s (that is, URF1, URF2, URF3, URF4, URF4L, and URF5,  hereafter referred to as ND1, ND2, ND3, ND4, ND4L and ND5) encode subunits of complex I. After encountering the subject (experiments), the reader must wade through 27 words (including three hyphenated compound words, a parenthetical interruption and an as well as phrase) before alighting on the highly uninformative and disappointingly anticlimactic verb (have indicated). Without a moment to recover, the reader is handed a that clause in which the new subject (six human URF’s) is separated from its verb (encode) by yet another 20 words. If we applied the three principles we have developed to the rest of the sentences of the example, we could generate a great many revised versions of each. These revisions might differ significantly from one another in the way their structures indicate to the reader the various weights and balances to be given to the information. Had the author placed all stress-worthy material in stress positions, we as a reading community would have been far more likely to interpret these sentences uniformly. We couch this discussion in terms of likelihood  because we believe that meaning is not inherent in discourse by itself; meaning requires the combined participation of text and reader. All sentences are infinitely interpretable, given an infinite number of interpreters. As communities of readers, however, we tend to work out tacit agreements as to what kinds of meaning are most likely to be extracted from certain articulations. We cannot succeed in making even a single sentence mean one and only one thing; we can only increase the odds that a large majority of readers will tend to interpret our discourse according to our intentions. Such success will follow from authors becoming more consciously aware of the various reader expectations presented here. W e cannot succeed in making even a single sentence mean one and only one thing; we can only increase the odds that a large majority of readers will tend to interpret our discourse according to our intentions. Here is one set of revisionary decisions we made for the example: The smallest of the URF’s, URFA6L, has been identified as the animal equivalent of the recently discovered yeast H+-ATPase subunit 8 gene; but the functional significance of other URF’s has been more elusive. Recently, however, several human URF’s have been shown to encode subunits of rotenone-sensitive NADH-ubiquinone oxido-reductase. This is a large complex that also contains many subunits synthesized in the cytoplasm; it will be referred to hereafter as respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase or complex I. Six subunits of Complex I were shown by enzyme fractionation studies and immunoprecipitation experiments to be encoded by six human URF’s (URF1, URF2, URF3, URF4, URF4L, and URF5); these URF’s will be referred to subsequently as ND1, ND2, ND3, ND4, ND4L and ND5. Sheer length was neither the problem nor the solution. The revised version is not noticeably shorter than the original; nevertheless, it is significantly easier to interpret. We have indeed deleted certain words, but not on the basis of wordiness or excess length. (See especially the last sentence of our revision. ) When is a sentence too long? The creators of readability formulas would have us believe there exists some fixed number of words (the favorite is 29) past which a sentence is too hard to read. We disagree. We have seen 10-word sentences that are virtually impenetrable  and, as we mentioned above, 100-word sentences that flow effortlessly to their points of resolution. In place of the word-limit concept, we offer the following definition: A sentence is too long when it has more viable candidates for stress positions than there are stress positions available. Without the stress position’s locational clue that its material is intended to be emphasized, readers are left too much to their own devices in deciding just what else in a sentence might be considered important. In revising the example passage, we made certain decisions about what to omit and what to emphasize. We put subjects and verbs together to lessen the reader’s syntactic burdens; we put the material we believed worthy of emphasis in stress positions; and we discarded material for which we could not discern significant connections. In doing so, we have produced a clearer passagebut not one that necessarily reflects the author’s intentions; it reflects only our interpretation of the author’s intentions. The more problematic the structure, the less likely it becomes that a grand majority of readers will perceive the discourse in exactly the way the author intended. T he information that begins a sentence establishes  for the reader a perspective for viewing the sentence as a unit. It is probable that many of our readersand perhaps even the authorswill disagree with some of our choices. If so, that disagreement underscores our point: The original failed to communicate its ideas and their connections clearly. If we happened to have interpreted the passage as you did, then we can make a different point: No one should have to work as hard as we did to unearth the content of a single passage of this length. The Topic Position To summarize the principles connected with the stress position, we have the proverbial wisdom, Save the best for last. To summarize the principles connected with the other end of the sentence, which we will call the topic position, we have its proverbial contradiction, First things first. In the stress position the reader needs and expects closure and fulfillment; in the topic position the reader needs and expects perspective and context. With so much of reading comprehension affected by what shows up in the topic position, it behooves a writer to control what appears at the beginning of sentences with great care. The information that begins a sentence  establishes for the reader a perspective for viewing the sentence as a unit: Readers expect a unit of discourse to be a story about whoever shows up first. Bees disperse pollen and Pollen is dispersed by bees are two different but equally respectable sentences about the same facts. The first tells us something about bees; the second tells us something about pollen. The passivity of the second sentence does not by itself impair its quality; in fact, Pollen is dispersed by bees is the superior sentence if it appears in a paragraph that intends to tell us a continuing story about pollen. Pollen’s story at that moment is a passive one. Readers also expect the material occupying the topic position to provide them with linkage (looking backward) and context (looking forward). The information in the topic position prepares the reader for upcoming material by connecting it backward to the previous discussion. Although linkage and context can derive from several sources, they stem primarily from material that the reader has already encountered within this particular piece of discourse. We refer to this familiar, previously introduced material as old information. Conversely, material making its first appearance in a discourse is new information. When new information is important enough to receive emphasis, it functions best in the stress position. When old information consistently arrives in the topic position, it helps readers to construct the logical flow of the argument: It focuses attention on one particular strand of the discussion, both harkening backward and leaning forward. In contrast, if the topic position is constantly occupied by material that fails to establish linkage and context, readers will have difficulty perceiving both the connection to the previous sentence and the projected role of the new sentence in the development of the paragraph as a whole. Here is a second example of scientific prose that we shall attempt to improve in subsequent discussion: Large earthquakes along a given fault segment do not occur at random intervals because it takes time to accumulate the strain energy for the rupture. The rates at which tectonic plates move and accumulate strain at their boundaries are approximately uniform. Therefore, in first approximation, one may expect that large ruptures of the same fault segment will occur at approximately constant time intervals. If subsequent main shocks have different amounts of slip across the fault, then the recurrence time may vary, and the basic idea of periodic mainshocks must be modified. For great plate boundary ruptures the length and slip often vary by a factor of 2. Along the southern segment of the San Andreas fault the recurrence interval is 145 years with variations of several decades. The smaller the standard deviation of the average recurrence interval, the more specific could be the long term prediction of a future mainshock. This is the kind of passage that in subtle ways can make readers feel badly about themselves. The individual sentences give the impression of being intelligently fashioned: They are not especially long or convoluted; their vocabulary is appropriately professional but not beyond the ken of educated general readers; and they are free of grammatical and dictional errors. On first reading, however, many of us arrive at the paragraph’s end without a clear sense of where we have been or where we are going. When that happens, we tend to berate ourselves for not having paid close enough attention. In reality, the fault lies not with us, but with the author. We can distill the problem by looking closely at the information in each sentence’s topic position: Large earthquakes The rates Therefore one subsequent mainshocks great plate boundary ruptures the southern segment of the San Andreas fault the smaller the standard deviation Much of this information is making its first appearance in this paragraphin precisely the spot where the reader looks for old, familiar information. As a result, the focus of the story constantly shifts. Given just the material in the topic positions, no two readers would be likely to construct exactly the same story for the paragraph as a whole. If we try to piece together the relationship of each sentence to its neighbors, we notice that certain bits of old information keep reappearing. We hear a good deal about the recurrence time between earthquakes: The first sentence introduces the concept of nonrandom intervals between earthquakes; the second sentence tells us that recurrence rates due to the movement of tectonic plates are more or less uniform; the third sentence adds that the recurrence rates of major earthquakes should also be somewhat predictable; the fourth sentence adds that recurrence rates vary with some conditions; the fifth sentence adds information about one particular variation; the sixth sentence adds a recurrence-rate example from California; and the last sentence tells us  something about how recurrence rates can be described statistically. This refrain of recurrence intervals constitutes the major string of old information in the paragraph. Unfortunately, it rarely appears at the beginning of sentences, where it would help us maintain our focus on its continuing story. In reading, as in most experiences, we appreciate the opportunity to become familiar with a new environment before having to function in it. Writing that continually begins sentences with new information and ends with old information forbids both the sense of comfort and orientation at the start and the sense of fulfilling arrival at the end. It misleads the reader as to whose story is being told; it burdens the reader with new information that must be carried further into the sentence before it can be connected to the discussion; and it creates ambiguity as to which material the writer intended the reader to emphasize. All of these distractions require that readers expend a disproportionate amount of energy to unravel the structure of the prose, leaving less energy available for perceiving content. We can begin to revise the example by ensuring the following for each sentence: 1. The backward-linking old information appears in the topic position. 2. The person, thing or concept whose story it is appears in the topic position. 3. The new, emphasis-worthy information appears in the stress position. Once again, if our decisions concerning the relative values of specific information differ from yours, we can all blame the author, who failed to make his intentions apparent. Here first is a list of what we perceived to be the new, emphatic material in each sentence: time to accumulate strain energy along a fault approximately uniform large ruptures of the same fault different amounts of slip vary by a factor of 2 variations of several decades predictions of future mainshock Now, based on these assumptions about what deserves stress, here is our proposed revision: Large earthquakes along a given fault segment do not occur at random intervals because it takes time to accumulate the strain energy for the rupture. The rates at which tectonic plates move and accumulate strain at their boundaries are roughly uniform. Therefore, nearly constant time intervals (at first approximation) would be expected between large ruptures of the same fault segment. [However? ], the recurrence time may vary; the basic idea of periodic mainshocks may need to be modified if subsequent mainshocks have different amounts of slip across the fault. [Indeed? ], the length and slip of great plate boundary ruptures often vary by a factor of 2. [For example? ], the recurrence intervals along the southern segment of the San Andreas fault is 145 years with variations of several decades. The smaller the standard deviation of the average recurrence interval, the more specific could be the long term prediction of a future mainshock. Many problems that had existed in the original have now surfaced for the first time. Is the reason earthquakes do not occur at random intervals stated in the first sentence or in the second? Are the suggested choices of however, indeed, and for example the right ones to express the connections at those points? (All these connections were left unarticulated in the original paragraph. ) If for example is an inaccurate transitional phrase, then exactly how does the San Andreas fault example connect to ruptures that vary by a factor of 2? Is the author arguing that recurrence rates must vary because fault movements often vary? Or is the author preparing us for a discussion of how in spite of such variance we might still be able to predict earthquakes? This last question remains unanswered because the final sentence.

Cadaver Organ Donation :: Health Medical Essays

Cadaver Organ Donation Recently, TV Land aired a 1975 episode of All in the Family in which Archie Bunker tries to impress his boss by being the first in line to sign up for the boss’ favorite charity (Bogart 1975). It is not until Archie is holding his donor card that he realizes that he has signed up to be an organ donor. This causes great anxiety for Archie which manifests itself as more stress than usual, worrying about his age, and problems sleeping. Archie finally goes to rescind his donation and states that it is for religious purposes. Archie states that he had a dream in which he has died and is driving his taxi toward heaven. As he is driving toward heaven, people begin taking parts from the taxi. As he continues, people begin removing parts from Archie. When he reaches heaven he is not allowed in because God does not recognize him due to so many parts missing. Another humorous piece concerning organ donation is from Monty Python's Meaning of Life. In â€Å"Part V: Live Organ Donations† Mr. Brown answers the door and finds two men who have come to take his liver, which Mr. Brown states that he is still using. The two men wrestle Mr. Brown to the ground and find on him his Liver Donation Card. Mr. Brown states â€Å"Listen! I can't give it to you now. It says, 'in the event of death'.† One of the men respond with, â€Å"No one who has ever had their liver taken out by us has survived,† followed by a very bloody removal of Mr. Brown’s liver. Mrs. Brown enters the room and confronts the two men who respond that they are taking Mr. Brown’s liver. After she realizes what is going on she sees the entire episode as being Mr. Brown’s fault for signing the donation card in the first place (Gilliam and Jones 1983). These two views of organ donation in the popular culture make light of reasons why people do not register to be organ donors; however, they do reflect many people’s anxieties about being an organ donor. An example of this is found in a Boston Herald front page article where the removal of organs from an eighteen month old boy, not for the purpose of transplant, was called â€Å"heartless.† The child’s mother stated, â€Å"Our son David was all heart, and now he is buried without his heart.